Insects And Fish Breathing Flashcards
Info about insects?
Have an exo-skeleton called chitlin.
Contains no blood pigment to carry oxygen.
What is an insects breathing system?
Trachiol system, system of tubes taking air inside .
What are spiracles?
connected to the trachea, spiracles are small openings that allow air to enter and leave also water vapour.
Most insects can open and close spiracles.
Tracheae?
accessable via spiracle.
Lined with spirals of chitlin, chitlin is impermeable to gases.
Tracheae branch to form smaller tubes called tracheoles.
Tracheoles?
Smaller tubes off from tracheae.
contain no chitlin so are permeable to gases.
Tracheoles are small and run between cells so a lot of gas exchange takes place through them.
How do gases move through an insect?
gases move through tracheoles by diffusion.
Features if tracheoles?
are moist so oxygen will dissolve easily.
at the end of each tracheole there is tracheole
fluid which limits oxygen by diffusion.
Under high oxygen demand, lactic acid builds up, this liquid moves out of the tracheoles resulting in more surface area to absorb oxygen.
High oxygen demand in larger insects(locusts,beetles,bees, grasshoppers etc)
air is moved through the tracheal system by movement of the thorax and/or the abdomen walls.This changes the volume of the body so changing pressure moving air in and out.
May have collapsible enlarged trachea or air sacs.
these increase the volume of air available to the insects. they are filled and emptied by the movement of the thorax and abdomen.
Gas Exchange in fish?
bony fish have four gill arches in each side of there heads.
each gill is composed of two rows of gill filaments , which consist if lamellae, thin membrane plates that project out into the flow of water.
Name the features of gills?
Large surface area.
Rich blood supply.
thin layers, diffusion through a very short distance.
Features of the gills in bony fish?
Bonefish can maintain a flow of water over the gills using the operculum even when stationary.
tips of gill filaments overlap increasing the resistance to the flow of water. Slows it down so there is more time for it to take place.
Blood flows in an opposite direction to the flow of water.Maintain a steep concentration gradient.
Whats the counter current system?
takes place in bonefish.
blood flows in the opposite to water .
this maintains a steep concentration.
more O2 can be absorbed (80%),unlike cartilage fish which have a parallel(concurrent )system around 50%
