test 5 Flashcards
What is the primary structure of the endocrine system?
Made of glands in different areas of the body: Pituitary, thyroid, Parathyroids, Adrenals, Pancreas, Ovaries (in females), testes (in males)
What are the main functions of the endocrine system?
Maintain homeostasis through hormone secretion, influence growth and development, regulate levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate, maintain blood sugar levels, regulate reproduction, determine energy metabolism
What changes occur in the endocrine system due to aging?
Decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone, decreased testosterone levels in males, decreased insulin production, reduced ability to handle stress
What is diabetes?
A condition in which the pancreas does not produce insulin or enough insulin, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Define hypothyroidism.
A condition in which the body lacks thyroid hormone, causing the body to slow down
What is hyperthyroidism?
A condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone
What are some guidelines for the care of a patient with diabetes?
Frequent skin care, observe skin carefully, encourage exercise, report pain, perform foot care, wear supportive shoes, follow dietary instructions, track special tests, perform blood glucose tests if trained
What should be included in daily foot care for diabetic patients?
Inspect and clean feet daily, avoid harsh soaps and hot water, always dry feet, never cut toenails, use doctor-recommended cream
What structures are part of the immune and lymphatic systems?
Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland
What are the main functions of the immune system?
Protect against foreign substances and pathogens, return extra fluid to circulatory system, store blood, remove excess fluids and waste
What changes occur in the immune system due to aging?
Weakened immune system, increased infection risk, slowed antibody response, decreased T-cells, reduced vaccine response
What is an opportunistic infection?
An illness caused by microorganisms that do not affect healthy immune systems but can cause disease in those with weakened immune systems
What guidelines should be followed for cancer care?
Follow standard precautions, skin care, mouth care, nutrition, monitor mobility, vital signs, self-image, and emotional needs
What are some key factors affecting rehabilitation and restorative care?
Timing of rehabilitation, pre-existing conditions, resident motivation, facility type, staff and family efforts, rehabilitation team attitude, consistency in care plan
What are some complications of immobility?
Constipation, UTI, pressure injuries, blood clots, pneumonia, muscle atrophy, depression or insomnia, weight gain
What are assistive devices mentioned for mobility support?
Canes, walkers, crutches
where is the PEG tube placed
Placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach for feeding
What is the significance of pulse oximetry?
Measures blood oxygen level and pulse rate
What is telemetry in cardiac monitoring?
Application of a device that transmits heart rhythm and rate information to monitoring stations
What are the stages of grief?
- Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
What rights do dying residents have?
Right to visitors, privacy, be free from pain, honest information, refuse treatment
What are some guidelines for caring for a dying patient?
Ventilated room, frequent skin care, help with breathing, pain control, respect diminished senses
What changes occur to the body after death?
Partially open eyelids, fixed stare, fixed and dilated pupils, dropped jaw, urinary and fecal incontinence
What should be considered in postmortem care?
Awareness of religious and cultural practices, instructions from the nurse, use of a shroud kit
What does ‘BID’ stand for?
Two times a day
What does ‘DNR’ mean?
Do not resuscitate
What is the definition of ‘NPO’?
Nothing by mouth
What does ‘IV’ stand for?
Intravenous
Fill in the blank: The right to be free from pain means residents have the right to _______.
[pain medications and monitoring]
True or False: Residents who are dying can refuse treatment.
True
what to use when you can’t bear any weight or limited weight
[crutch]
What does PEG stand for?
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
A method for feeding patients who cannot eat by mouth.
What is the abbreviation for perineal care?
Peri care
Refers to hygiene practices related to the perineal area.
What does PO mean?
By mouth
Indicates the route of medication or feeding.
What does PPE stand for?
Personal protective equipment
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards.
What does PRN mean?
When necessary
Often used in medical prescriptions.
What does PWB refer to?
Partial weight bearing
Refers to the ability to put some weight on an injured limb.
What does Q stand for in medical terms?
Every
Used to indicate frequency of medication or treatments.
What is indicated by Q2h?
Every two hours
A schedule for medication administration.
What does Q3h mean?
Every three hours
A term used for timing of medical interventions.
What does Q4h refer to?
Every four hours
Indicates a specific interval for treatment or monitoring.
What does Qh stand for?
Every hour
Used to denote frequent monitoring or administration.
What does Qhs mean?
Every night at bedtime
Typically used for medications taken before sleep.
What does Qid mean?
Four times a day
Frequently seen in medication dosing instructions.
What does R represent in medical terms?
Respiration
Indicates the number of breaths taken.
What does R, rt mean?
Right
Often used in anatomical references.
What does Res. stand for?
Resident
Refers to a patient or individual living in a healthcare facility.
What does R/O mean?
Rule out
Used to indicate excluding a diagnosis.
What does ROM stand for?
Range of motion
Refers to the movement capability of a joint.
What does RR represent?
Respiratory rate
Measures the number of breaths per minute.
What does S mean in medical abbreviations?
Without
Commonly used in prescriptions and notes.
What does SDS stand for?
Safety data sheet
Provides information on handling hazardous materials.
What does SOB mean?
Shortness of breath
A symptom indicating difficulty in breathing.
What does SP refer to?
Standard precautions
Guidelines to prevent transmission of infections.
What does Spe. stand for?
Specimen
Refers to a sample taken for testing.
What does Ss mean?
One-half
Often used in medication dosing.
What does S&S represent?
Signs and symptoms
Refers to the clinical indicators of a condition.
What does T stand for in medical terms?
Temp
Refers to body temperature.
What does TIA stand for?
Transient ischemic attack
A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke.
What does Tid mean?
Three times a day
Indicates the frequency of medication administration.
What does TLC refer to?
Tender loving care
Emphasizes compassionate care in healthcare settings.
What does TPR stand for?
Temp, pulse and respiration
Vital signs used to assess a patient’s condition.
What does U/A mean?
Urinalysis
A test performed on urine to assess health.
What does VS stand for?
Vital signs
Includes measurements of body functions.
What does W/C refer to?
Wheelchair
A mobility device for individuals with impaired mobility.
What does Wt. stand for?
Weight
A measure of body mass.
