Test 3 Flashcards
What does hygiene refer to in personal care?
Body clean
What is grooming?
Hair, fingernails, care for oneself
What are the types of baths mentioned?
Shower or tub bath
What should be observed and reported during personal care?
Changes in pupils, appearance of eyes, vision changes, weight loss, foul odors, skin changes
What are safety guidelines for performing personal care procedures?
Ask for help if needed, know bathing orders, clean equipment before use, ensure non-slip mats are used, check handrails, do not leave residents alone
In what order should body parts be washed during bathing?
Eyes, Face, Ears, Neck, Arms, Axilla, Hands, Chest and Abdomen, Legs and Feet, Back, Perineal Area, Buttocks
What is the correct method for female perineal care?
Use water and small amounts of soap, clean front to back
What is the correct method for male perineal care?
Hold by shaft and wash in circular motion
What should be done before shampooing hair?
Test the water temperature, remove pillows, place the resident flat
What are the guidelines for oral care?
Must be provided twice a day, clean entire mouth, brush inner surfaces, rinse toothbrush
What types of dentures exist?
Full set, top or bottom set, partial plate, bridge
What is acute pain?
Sudden onset pain that generally lasts less than 6 months
What is chronic pain?
Pain lasting over a long period of time, usually over 6 months
What are the normal ranges for oral temperature?
97.6-99.6 F & 36.4-37.6 C
What is the normal pulse rate range?
60-100 bpm
What is the normal respiratory rate range?
12-20 per min
What is the significance of blood pressure readings?
Indicates cardiovascular health; systolic and diastolic values are crucial
What is dehydration?
Condition that occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in
What are the signs of fluid overload?
Weight gain, fatigue, lung congestion, swelling, coughing
What is the purpose of the USDA MyPlate?
Guide for balanced nutrition including vegetables, fruits, grains, proteins, and dairy
What is a high-fiber diet used for?
Increase intake of fiber for bowel disorders, constipation
What should be done to prevent aspiration during meals?
Place in proper position, feed slowly, avoid distractions
What is the function of the gastrointestinal system?
Runs from the esophagus where food intake occurs to the anus where waste is eliminated
What factors affect normal elimination?
Growth and development, psychological factors, diet, fluid intake, physical activity, personal habits, medications
How should fluid intake be monitored?
One ounce equals 30 mL; multiply ounces by 30 to convert to milliliters
What is the proper position for a resident during elimination?
Cover with a bath blanket, place bed protector under buttocks and hips
What are the observations to report related to elimination?
bloody, hard, liquid, constipation, pain, fecal incontinence
What factors affect normal elimination?
- growth and development
- psychological
- diet
- fluid intake
- physical activity and exercise
- personal habits
- medications
What is the correct placement for a standard bedpan?
The wider end aligned with the buttocks
What is a commode?
A portable commode is a chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath
What are some disorders of the gastrointestinal system?
- Heartburn
- GERD
- Ulcers
- Gallbladder disease
- Cirrhosis
- Hernia
- Crohn’s disease
- Colitis
- Diverticulosis
- Flatulence
- IBS
- Constipation
- Incontinence
- Diarrhea
- Fecal impaction
- Hemorrhoids
What are the types of enemas?
- Tap water enema (500-1000 mL)
- Soapsuds enema (500-1000 mL with 5mL castile soap)
- Saline enema (500-1000 mL with two teaspoons of salt)
- Commercial enema (120 mL solution with oil)
What is occult blood?
Hidden blood detected in stool by microscope or special chemical testing
What is an ileostomy?
A surgical opening into the ileum of the small intestine to allow stool to be expelled
What is a colostomy?
A surgical opening from the abdominal cavity into the large intestine to allow stool to be expelled
What is a stoma?
An artificial opening
What are guidelines for ostomy care?
- Follow standard precautions
- Ensure clean skin care and hygiene
- Observe symptoms and signs
- Use skin barriers as ordered
- Ensure the pouch is securely clamped
- Provide support
What is bowel retraining?
Assistance for residents to reestablish a regular routine and normal bowel function after illness or inactivity
What specialized equipment is used for bariatric residents?
- Larger beds lower to the floor
- Stronger bed rails
- Oversized chairs
- Extra-capacity wheelchairs
- Bariatric stretchers
What health risks are associated with obesity?
- Risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea
- Complications during surgery
- Difficulty in intubation
- Prone to respiratory depression
What are the functions of the urinary system?
- Eliminate waste
- Maintain water balance
- Regulate electrolytes
- Assist in regulation of blood pressure
What changes occur in the urinary system due to aging?
- Kidneys filter blood less efficiently
- Bladder muscle tone weakens
- Bladder holds less urine, leading to more frequent urination
What are the normal qualities of urine?
- Light, pale yellow or amber in color
- Clear
- Faint smell
- Should not be painful
What is a UTI?
An infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney, commonly caused by E. coli
What are symptoms of chronic renal failure (CRF)?
- Unintended weight loss
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Frequent hiccups
- Itching due to excessive waste products in blood
What is urine retention?
Inability to adequately or completely empty the bladder
What are the symptoms of urine retention?
- Difficulty starting to urinate
- Weak flow of urine
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Painful urge
- Dribbling at the end of urination
- Abdominal swelling
What are the types of urinary incontinence?
- Stress
- Urge
- Mixed
- Functional
- Overflow
What are guidelines for managing incontinence?
- Know residents’ routines
- Follow elimination schedule
- Leave call lights within reach
- Offer bedpan
- Encourage plenty of fluids
- Take daily walks to the bathroom
- Check and change briefs every two hours
What is the correct method for catheter care?
Clean at least four inches of the catheter near the meatus, moving only one direction, which is away
What is a clean catch urine specimen?
Does not include the first and last urine voided in the sample
What is a 24-hour urine specimen?
Collects all the urine voided by a resident in a 24-hour period
What does the ketone test measure?
Chemical substances produced when the body burns fat for energy
What does the pH test indicate?
The lower the number, the more acidic the urine
What is specific gravity in urine testing?
Test performed to measure the concentration of chemical particles in the urine
What should be done during bladder retraining?
- Follow plan & precautions
- Observe elimination habits
- Encourage plenty of fluids
- Offer bedpan or urinal before procedures
- Praise attempts and never show frustration
