Test 2 Flashcards
What is sanitation?
Ways to maintain clean, hygienic conditions
What are microorganisms?
Small living things that can only be seen under a microscope; they are on everything you touch
What should you do if you observe symptoms of an infection?
Report it
What are localized infection symptoms?
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
- Heat
- Drainage
What are systemic infection symptoms?
- Fever
- Chills
- Headache
- Change in vital signs
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Mental confusion
What is the first link in the chain of infection?
Causative Agent: What causes the diseases; microorganisms
What is the second link in the chain of infection?
Reservoir: Where the pathogens live & grow
What is the third link in the chain of infection?
Portal of exit: Opening on the body which allows pathogens to leave; Nose, mouth, eyes, or a cut
What is the fourth link in the chain of infection?
Mode of Transmission: How the pathogens travel; droplet, airborne, contact: indirect or direct or body fluids
What is the fifth link in the chain of infection?
Portal of entry: Where pathogens enter an UNINFECTED person; Nose, mouth, eyes, mucous membrane, cuts
What is the sixth link in the chain of infection?
Susceptible host: When resistance to disease decreases; reasons: Age, stress, existing illnesses, fatigue, poor nutrition, lack of fluids
Define direct contact in infection transmission.
The touching of a person and getting contaminated
Define indirect contact in infection transmission.
Touching an object and not touching someone and getting contaminated
Why are the elderly at risk for infection?
- Require more healthcare
- Less elastic skin
- Brittle bones
- Catheters
What are standard precautions?
- Wash hands
- Wear gloves
- Remove gloves when done
- Wash all skin surfaces that have been contaminated
- Wear a disposable gown
- Wear a mask, protective goggles, and/or face shield
- Use caution when handling razor blades, needles, and other sharps
When should hand hygiene be performed?
Mainly after everything
What is PPE and when is it used?
Personal Protective Equipment; used when handling blood, diseases, body fluids, etc.
What should you do when handling linen and equipment spills?
- Wear gloves
- Hold and carry dirty linen away from your body
- Dispose of linen
- Do not touch the inside of the container
- Do not reuse
What are Transmission Based Precautions?
- Airborne
- Droplet
- Contact
What is airborne transmission?
Travels through moisture; it travels through the air after being expelled
What is droplet transmission?
Travels a short distance after being expelled, such as from a cough or a sneeze
What is contact transmission?
Coming in touch with someone’s blood or body fluids that have the pathogens in them; can be indirect or direct
What does isolation mean in infection control?
When you separate things, or keep it by itself
What is OSHA?
A federal government agency that makes and enforces rules to keep us safe
What does Hepatitis affect?
It causes inflammation to the liver
What is HIV?
A virus that can cause AIDS and weakens the immune system
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a type of bacteria that can cause serious infection
What is VRE?
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci; bacteria that lives in the digestive and genital tract
What is C diff?
A bacteria from spores of feces, hard to kill and get rid of
What does CRE stand for?
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; resistant to antibiotics
What are common accidents in healthcare?
- Falls
- Burns
- Poison
- Choking
- Cuts
What are some common prevention strategies for falls?
- Knowing who is at risk of falling
- Wipe up spills
- Remove clutter
- Get help
- Lock bed wheels
- Return beds to lowest positions
What is a Safety Data Sheet?
A sheet that provides information on the safe use of hazardous chemicals and steps during an emergency
What should you do when handling sharps and biohazard containers?
- Don gloves when disposing
- Avoid touching when dropping objects into biohazard containers
- Replace when ¾ full
- Doff gloves and wash hands afterward
What are the guidelines for body mechanic safety?
- Raise the bed to safe working height
- Stand close to the object
- Wide base stance
- Push or slide rather than lifting
- Bend at the knees, not the back
- Avoid twisting
- Use two hands, hold close to your body
Define physical restraints.
Any method or device that is used to restrict a person’s freedom of movement
Define chemical restraints.
A medication that calms and reserves a person’s movements and actions
What are alternatives to restraints?
Ways to avoid restraints or use less harsh methods
What are the guidelines for monitoring patients in restraints?
- Must be monitored regularly
- Have the call light
- Check every 15 minutes for discomfort and signs of cyanosis
- Document about restraints
What is oxygen therapy?
Increases the supply of oxygen in the lungs; nursing responsibility
What is intravenous therapy (IV)?
The way we deliver medications, nutrition, and body fluids through veins
What does RACE stand for in emergency response?
- Rescue
- Activate
- Contain
- Extinguish
What does PASS stand for in fire safety?
- Pull
- Aim
- Squeeze
- Sweep
What should you do if someone is choking but can speak and breathe?
Encourage them to cough as forcefully as possible
What is the appropriate action for someone in shock?
Lie them in a supine position; if bleeding or vomiting, turn to the side and call for help
What should you do for bleeding?
Apply gloves, place a sterile pad over the wound, and do not remove the first pad if it becomes full
What is the first aid procedure for burns?
Notify the nurse, put on gloves, use cool water (NO ice), and apply sterile dressing once pain is gone
What should you do if a patient faints?
Have them sit and bend forward; if they faint, lower them to the floor
What should you do when a patient is vomiting?
- Notify the nurse
- Use gloves
- Place emesis basin under chin
- Note color and amount of vomit
- Wash hands and provide comfort
What should you do for a myocardial infarction?
- Notify the nurse
- Place in a comfortable position
- Loosen clothing around neck
- No food or liquids
- Monitor breathing
What is the CNA’s role during a code?
Make sure to respond if part of the code team, no matter the location
What should you do during a disaster?
- Remain calm
- Know locations of exits and stairways
- Know where fire alarms are
- Know the correct action to take
What factors may influence a patient choosing a facility?
- Review from federal agencies
- Recommendations from family members
What are guidelines for resident adjustment to a new facility?
- Positive attitude
- Tactful communication
- Show respect
- Be responsible
- Be honest
- Listen to residents
- Respect privacy
- Be patient and kind
What is the CNA’s role during admission, transfer, and discharge?
Help collect residents’ belongings and personal care items, preparing them to leave
What are different methods for measuring weight?
- Normal scale balanced to zero
- Wheelchair scale
- Bed scale
What are the two methods for measuring height?
- Normal height scale
- Tape measure for bedridden patients
What is the CNA’s role during physical exams?
Observe what is happening and retrieve items for the doctor, but do not participate in the exam
Define dorsal recumbent position.
Flat on back, knees flexed, feet flat on bed; used for examining breast, chest, abdomen, perineal
Define lithotomy position.
On back, hips at the edge of bed, feet flat on stirrups; used for examining vagina
Define knee-chest position.
Lying on abdomen, knees pulled towards abdomen, legs separated; used for examining rectum or vagina
What is the importance of sleep?
Restores energy, replaces old cells with new ones, provides new energy to organs
What is insomnia?
Inability to fall asleep or remain asleep
What is sleep apnea?
Disruption of breathing while a person is sleeping
What is bruxism?
Grinding and clenching of the teeth
What factors can affect sleep?
- Environment
- Odors
- Illness
- Aging changes
- Dietary habits
- Medications
What is standard equipment in a resident unit?
- Bed
- Bedside stand
- Overbed table
- Chair
- Bath basin
- Emesis basin
- Bedpan
- Urinal for males
- Water pitcher and cup
- Privacy screen or curtain
- Call light
What types of equipment are used for cleaning?
Disposable equipment such as cups, tissues, gloves, paper gowns, masks, disposable razors, and absorbent pads
What is an open bed?
Linen folded down to the foot of the bed
What is a closed bed?
Made for a resident who will be out of bed all day
What is a surgical bed?
Ready for someone after surgery
What is an occupied bed?
Bed made while someone is in it
What is an unoccupied bed?
Bed made while no resident is in the bed
What are the guidelines for body alignment and posture?
- Assess the load
- Think ahead
- Make a plan
- Check the base of support
- Face what you are lifting
- Keep back straight
- Squat
- Tighten your stomach
- Keep object close to body
- Push instead of lifting if possible
What is lateral position?
Lying on either side of the body
What is Sims position?
Lying on left side with one leg drawn up
What is supine position?
Lying on back
What is prone position?
Lying on stomach
What is Fowler’s position?
Semi-sitting
