Chapter 15 terms Flashcards
Absorption
the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells
anatomy
the study of body structure
biology
the study of all life forms
body systems
groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body
bowel elimination
the physical process of releasing or emptying the colon or large intestine of solid waste (stool or feces)
cells
the basic structural units of all organisms
chyme
semiliquid substance made as a result of the chemical breakdown of food in the stomach
colon
the large intestine
colostomy
surgically created opening through the abdominal wall into the large intestine to allow feces to be expelled
Constipation
the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination, of hard dry stool.
Crohn’s disease
a disease that causes the lining of the digestive tract to become inflamed
defecation
the process of eliminating feces from the rectum through the anus
diarrhea
frequent elimination of liquid or semiliquid feces
digestion
the process of converting food so that it can be absorbed into the blood and used by body tisues
diverticulitis
inflammation of sacs that develop in the wall of the large intestine due to diverticulosis
diverticulosis
a disorder in which sac-like pouching develops in weakened areas of the wall of the large intestine
Duodenum
the first part of the small intestine, where the common bile duct enters
Electrolytes
chemical substances that are essential to maintain fluid balance and homeostasis
elimination
the process of expelling waste
enema
a specific amount of water or other fluid, with or without an additive, introduced to the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool
fecal impaction
a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled
fecal incontinence
an inability to control the muscles of the bowels
feces
solid body waste excreted through the anus from the large intestine
Flatulence
air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum; gas
fracture pan
A bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan is used for small people or people who can’t lift their buttocks onto a standard one.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
a chronic condition in which liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus
gastrointestinal tract
a continuous tube from the opening of the mouth all the way to the anus, where waste is eliminated
heartburn
a condition resulting from weakening the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagus and the stomach.
hemorrhoids
enlarged veins in the rectum that can cause itching, burning, pain, and bleeding
homeostasis
the condition in which all of the body’s systems are balanced and are working at their best
ileostomy
surgically creating opening into the end of the small intestine, the ileum, to allow feces to be expelled
ingestion
the process of taking food or fluids into the body
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
a chronic condition of the large intestines that is worsened by stress
malabsorption
a condition in which the body cannot absorb or digest a nutrient
occult
hidden
organ
a structural unit in the human body that performs specific functions
ostomy
surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside
pathophysiology
the study of the disorders that occur in the body
peristalsis
muscular contractions that push food through the gastrointestinal tract
physiology
the study of how body parts function
portable commode
a chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath.
rectal suppository
a medication in a cylindrical shape that is given rectally to cause a bowel movement
specimen
a sample, such as tissue, blood urine, stool, or sportsmen, used to diagnose
stoma
an artificial opening of the body
tissues
a group of cells that performs similar tasks
ulcerative colitis
a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine
urostomy
surgical opening for passage of urine
