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Bio 141 > Test 4.5 > Flashcards

Test 4.5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two components of metabolism

A

Catabolism

Anabolism

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2
Q

What is catabolism

A
  • is the breakdown of organic substrates

* releases energy used to synthesize high-energy compounds

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3
Q

What is anabolism

A
  • is the synthesis of new organic molecules

* an “uphill” process that forms new chemical bonds

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4
Q

All carbs are converted into?

A

Glucose and then broken down further (glycolysis) or built up into glycogen

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5
Q

What must happen to obtain ATP

A

We must run the citric acid cycle and electron transport system with broken down glucose

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6
Q

What are the four steps of cellular metabolism

A
  • Metabolic turnover
  • growth and cell division
  • special processes, such as secretion, contraction, and propagation of action potentials
  • store nutrient reserves( for starvation)
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7
Q

What are carbohydrates (Glucose)

A
  • can be chained together to form glycogen and store

* can be broken down in pyruvate and used to make ATP

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8
Q

What are lipids (fatty acids)

A
  • can be built together into storage lipids, triglycerides

* can be broken down and used to make ATP

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9
Q

What are proteins

A
  • most abundant organic component in body; most often we synthesize new proteins be perform many vital function
  • proteins are rarely broken down
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10
Q

What’s the body’s last choice as fuel

A

Proteins

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11
Q

What are proteins broken down into

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

Where do useful protein products enter

A

Citric acid cycle

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13
Q

Where are all nutrients funneled into

A

Citric acid cycle to make ATP

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14
Q

After digestion and absorption nutrients that can be used by cells are distributed where?

A

Throughout the body by bloodstream

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15
Q

Once nutrients are inside the cell what happens

A

They are anabolized or catabolized

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16
Q

If fatty acids are anabolized what are they converted to

A

Triglycerides

17
Q

Is glucose is anabolized what is it coverted to

A

Glycogen

18
Q

If amino acids are anabolized what are they converted to

A

Proteins

19
Q

What is metabolism

A

Refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in the body and includes both catabolism and anabolism

20
Q

What does carbohydrate metabolism include

A
  • Generates ATP and other high-energy compounds
  • begins with glycolysis which yeilds 2 pyruvates
  • Most ATPs are made in the final process, the electron transport system
21
Q

What is glycolysis

A

Multistep process to break glucose down into 2 pyruvate molecules

22
Q

Complete metabolism of one glucose molecule yeilds how many ATPs

A

36 ATPs

23
Q

What does steps 1 and 2 of glycolysis cost

A

Cost the cell 2 ATP

24
Q

How many step process is gycolysis

A

7 step process to break glucose down into 2 pyruvate molecules

25
Q

What does step 7 of glycolysis produce

A

2 ATP molecules

26
Q

Where is most ATP made in?

A

Electron transport system

27
Q

What happens after glycolysis

A

Citric acid cycle

28
Q

What is the citric acid cycle

A

The 2 pyruvates made from glucose now run the citric acid cycle. From 2 turns of the citric acid cycle we get 2 more ATPs, 8 NADH, and 2 FADH. The NADH and FADHs will run the Electron transport system and make us more ATPs

29
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport system

A
  • utilizes carrier proteins and hydrogen gradients
  • generates ATP from NADH and FADH
  • requires coenzymes and oxygen
  • produces more than 90% of ATP used by body
  • ETS happens in the mitochondria
30
Q

Where is hydrogen pulled from

A

NADH AND FADH molecules

31
Q

For every 6 H pumped across the mitochondria what happens to ATP

A

3 ATPs are yeilded

32
Q

What is the total yield from citric acid to ETS

A

28 ATP

33
Q

What does NADHs produce

A

3 ATP + 1 H2O

34
Q

What does FADHs produce

A

2 ATP + 1 H2O

35
Q

summarize ATP production

A 
For one glucose molecule processed, cell gains 36 molecule of ATP
•2 from glycolysis
•4 from NADH generated in glycolysis
•2 from citric acid cycle  
•28 from ETS

Bio 141 (30 decks)

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