Test 4.3 Flashcards
What are the four main proccess of the digestive system
Ingestion -entry to the canal Digestive -chemical breakdown Absorption -nutrient transport into enter body Excretion -waste exit from the canal
What’s the breakdown of food
Food—-> Bolus—> chyme—-> feces
What’s the passageway of alimentary canal
Oral cavity-> pharynx->esophagus ->LES->stomach-> pyloric sphincter-> small intestine->iliocranal valve-> large intestine-> internal/external sphincter
What does the lower esophagus sphincter
Allow food into stomach
What does the pyloric sphincter do
Allows food into small intestine
What are the alimentary layers
Mucosa
Submucosa
Mucularis
Serosa
What does the mucosa consist of
- lots of surface area; made for absorbing nutrients
- plica circularis (folds) covered in villi ( finger like projection)
What does the submucosa layer do
Supporting blood and lymph vessel, part of enteric nervous system
What does the mucularis layer consist of
Circular and longitudinal layer
-muscle layer, part of enteric nervous system
What does the serosa layer consist of
Outer layer covering digestive system
What are the three steps of peristalisis
1) contraction of circular muscles behind Bolus
2) contraction of longitudinal muscles ahead of Bolus
3) contraction in circular muscles layer forces Bolus forward
What is Bolus
Food that is mixed with slava
What are the functions of the oral cavity
Sensory analysis -gustation Mechanical digestion -teeth/tongue Lubrication/chemical digestion -salary glands -mixture of buffers, mucins and enzymes (lingual lipase & salivary amylase)
What are the two enzymes apart of chemical digestion and what do they do
Lingual lipase
Salivary amylase
Breaks down lipids
Where does chemical digestion occur first
The mouth
Where does protein digestion occur first
Stomach
What’s the function of the digestive system
Food transport/processing through the alimentary canal
And assistance from accessory organs
What prevents food from entering the trachea during the swallowing process
Epiglottis
What does the esophagus contain
-Hollow muscular tube
-crosses diaphragm (hiatus) and terminates at stomach
• LES/ caradic
What does the swallowing process consist of
1) Buccal phase (occurs in mouth)
2) Pharyngeal Phase
3) Esophageal phase
4) Bolus enters stomach (LES opens to allow food in and class closes quickly)
When is the epiglottis up during the swallowing phase
Buccal phase
When is the epiglottis down during the swallowing process
Pharyngeal phase
What shape is the stomach
J-shaped
Where is the pyloric sphincter located near the stomach
Bottom of stomach
What are the three muscles called that wrapped the stomach
Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique
•mechanical digestion
• mixes Bolus with stomach secretion -> chymeWhen do the LES and pyloric sphincter both open
For emeisis aka vomitting
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Gastric bypass
•Advantages
Reduce weight
Reverses diabetes and apnea
Hunger feeling reduced
•disadvantages
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
-amenia, osteoporosis
