Final 4.7 Flashcards
What does a steroid hormone start with
Cholesterol molecule
If thyroid hormone is low what is the pathway or the endocrine system
Hypothalamus —> Thyroid releasing hormone –> anterior pituitary—> thyroid stimulating hormone –>target organ–>specific hormone —>regulate metabolism
How many chromosomes does sperm have
23
True or false
Insulin is a protein hormone
True
What is the male response for plateau
-ejection maintained
•color deepens
-urethral bulb enlarges (3x)
-preorgasmic emission
•Cowper's gland (pre ejaculatory fluid) or a few drops of semen
-prostate enlarges
-sex flush spreads
-HR, BP, and BR increase, more myotoniaWhat does the male response for orgasm
-involuntary muscle contraction
•clutching and clawing of hand/feet
-HR, BP, BR peak
-sex flush peaks
-Ejaculation (optional)
•expulsion if semen
•reflex with 2 stagesWhat are the two relax phases with orgasm
Emission stage
Expulsion state
What is the emission stage
- controlled by sympathetic nervous system
- smooth muscle contraction in testes walls, ducts and glands
- semen enter urethral buld
- urinary sphincter contracts closes off bladder
- oxytocin release
What is the expulsion state consist of
- controlled by somatic nerves system (voluntary control)
- rhythmic contraction of penis and bulbocavernosus muscle
What does the resolution stage for male response consist of
-return to resting state
•erection lost
-priapism (ejection
How long during resolution does it take HR,BP, BR to return to normal
5 mins
How long for additional reduction in penis size, descent of testes and loss of nipple erection take
5min -2 hrs
What’s the function of the female reproduction system
- produce female gametes and hormone
- receive male gametes
- protect and support developing embryo/fetus
What does the female internal anatomy consist of
Ovaries
-lumpy and almond shaped organ
•produce oocytes (eggs) and hormones
Uterine tubes AKA Fallopian oviducts
-facilitate egg transport toward uterus with peristaltic contraction and cilia
Where are eggs for females fertilized?
In uterine tube 1-2 days
Where must sperm meet an egg?
In the uterine tube
Where do Zygote travels?
The uterus
What does egg maturation consists of
-ovaries contain follicles
-follicle = little bag
•each oocytes is contained within a follicle
-granulosa-support cells (estrogen)
-theca- support cells androgens progesterone
What are the 4 stages of growth for egg maturation
Primodial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
How long does primary follicle take for growth
4 months
What does secondary follicles consist of
Become atretic and die or become a tertiary follicle
What does tertiary follicle consist of
Grow until reaching graafian status
- single Graafian follicle ruptures
- ovulation; egg released
- follicle leftover become a corpus luteum
What is oogenesis
-process begins before birth in females
•meiosis 1 begins during fetal devolvement and then stops
-menarche-menopause restarts meiosis one batch of follicle/cycle
•start meiosis 2
•stop again
•undergo atresia or ovulation
•wait for sperm
If fertization is then complete mesiosis 2 produces what?
Mature ovum
What does oogenasis include that spermatogensis does not
-meiosis 1 divides cytoplasm unevenly
•produces
-1 seconday oocyte and 1 polar body
-meiosis 2 divides cytoplasm unevenly
•produces
-1 ootid and 1 polar bodyWhat does the uterus contain
- thick, muscular chamber
- site of embryo/fetal development
- uterine layers
What are the uterine layers in the uterus
-perimetrium
•outer layer
-myometrium
•muscular layer
-endometrium
•mucosal layer
•extremely variableWhat does the functional zone in the endometrial layer consist of
- changes with menstrual cycling
- constantly prepping for pregnancy
What does the basilar zone consist of in the endometrial layer
- always intact
- restores functional zone
After how many days does ovulation occur
14 days
After how many days does secretory phase occur
14 days
After how many days does proliferative phase occur
7 days
When does ovulation occur?
When uterine lining is thickens
When does menses occur
Occurs when follicles are still maturing
How are GnRH, LH ,and FSH regulated in female reproductive system
Negatively regulated by estrogen feedback
What happens prior to ovulation
Estrogen builds which positively regulates more LH release
- high estrogen - LH spike (triggers ovulation)
What does the vagina include
- elastic muscular canal
- functions
- exit for fetus or menstrual fluid
- entrance for male penis/gametes
What does the external genitalia include
- vulva
- mons pubis
- labia majora (scrotum)
- labia minora (corpus spongeousum)
- vestibule central space
- urethral opening
- skenes (prostate gland)
- greater vestibule (bulbourethral gland)
- clitoris (glans penis)
- covered by hood
