Final 4.8

Question 1

What is the humans sole purpose in life?

Answer 1

Reproduce

Question 2

Males produce ________ in ______.

Answer 2

Gametes(sex cells)

Gonads

Question 3

What does male gonads consist of

Answer 3

Test/testes
•secrete male sex hormone (androgens)
•produce male gametes (sperm)

Question 4

What are the secondary structures in the male anatomy

Answer 4

-network of ducts
-accessory glands
•store, transport and support sperm

Question 5

What does the testes and tubules consist of

Answer 5

•seminiferous tubules
•site of spermatogensis
-sperm production
     •occurs via meiosis
        -special type of cell division 
        -4 spermatids/division 
        -each contain 1/2 infraction needed to reproduce
  -sperm maturation
      •differentiation into mature sperm

•Entire process takes 2-3 months

Question 6

Where is sperm formed?

Answer 6

In the walls of duct

Question 7

What does sperm maturation consist of

Answer 7

• mature and move toward lumen of tubules
  
  • “nursed” by nurse (sertoli) cells
  • receive androgen from interstitial (leygid) cells

Question 8

What is sperm production called and what does it include

Answer 8

•spermatogensis

-mesiosis 1 and 2
-final result in males
•4 spermatids
•resemble normal animal cells

Question 9

What is sperm maturation called

Answer 9

Spermiogensis

Question 10

What is the differentiation of spermatids

Answer 10

• acrosomal vesicles forms
• flagellum produced
• mitochondria gather around flagellum
• excess cytoplasm lost

Question 11

What is spermiation

Answer 11

• release of sperm heads from sertoli (nurse) cells

- free to move through duct ( can now participate in ejculation and fertilization)

Question 12

How does spermatid occur

Answer 12

Golgi apparatus + acrosomal vesicles —> acrosomal vesicle —-> acrosome—-> nucleus & acrosome

Question 13

What’s the anatomy of spermatozoa

Answer 13

Head 
 -nucleus and acrosome
Mid-piece
-mitochondria for energy
Tail
-whip-like
-only flagellum in human body

Question 14

What’s the next stop for sperm after the testis?

Answer 14

Epididymis —> vas deferens

Question 15

What does the vas deferens include

Answer 15

-muscular tube; move sperm with peristalsis
-expands at end (ampulla)
•sperm storage
-connects to ejaculatory duct
•enters to prostate
•connects to urethra

Question 16

What does the male urethra consist of

Answer 16

-shared structure in men
  •male urinary tract
  •male reporductive tract
-passage for contents of ejaculatory duct and ureters
- contains three different parts

Question 17

What are the three different parts in the urethra

Answer 17

-prostatic urethra
   •wrapped by prostate
   •entrance for ejac duct
-membranous urethra
   •crosses urogeniatal floor
-spongy urethra
     •contained within penis

Question 18

What are the fluids composing semen in the accessory glands?

Answer 18

-seminal vesicles  
   •paired
   •connect at ejac duct
-prostate gland
   •chestnut shaped
    •convergence point of urinary and male repro system
-bulbourethral(Cowpers) glands
  •paired

Question 19

What does sperm consist of

Answer 19

• 10% of semen
• 20-100 million /ml
• 187 million / ejaculatory

Question 20

What does seminal vesicle consist of

Answer 20

60% of semen

• sticky, yellow fluid
• nutrient rich

Question 21

What does prostate glands consist of

Answer 21

30% of semen

• thin, milky fluid
• good for swimming

Question 22

What does bulbourethral glands consist of

Answer 22

• not semen

* preejaculatory fluid

Question 23

Sperm production is tightly regulated by?

Answer 23

Brian structure and hormones

Question 24

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 24

Body temp
Thrust
Hunger
Sleep
Stress
Response
Aggression
Sexual behavior

Question 25

What does the hypothalamus release?

Answer 25

Releases many hormones to active anterior pity rainy gland

-GnRH for reporductive function

Question 26

What does the pituitary regulate

Answer 26

Regulates other endocrine glands

Question 27

What does pituitary gland release

Answer 27

Release gonadotropins in response to GnRH

-follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinzing hormone (LH)

Question 28

How does gonadotropins travel in the pituitary gland

Answer 28

Via blood to endocrine organs (gonads)

Question 29

If shutting off signal for negative feedback what has to happen

Answer 29

Endocrine organs signal back to pituitary and hypothalamus

Question 30

During negative feedback what does inhibins block

Answer 30

FSH

Question 31

What’s does the scrotum consist of

Answer 31

-pouch suspended from groin containing testes
-functions in temperature regulation
•critical for sperm viability
-wrapped in dartos and cremaster muscles
• Dartos contact with temp
•cremaster contracts with excitement, arousal or fear

Question 32

What is the external anatomy of the penis

Answer 32

-glans penis
•covered by perpuce (foreskin)
-shaft

Question 33

What is the internal anatomy of the penis

Answer 33

-composed of three cores of spongy tissue
    •corpus cavernosum
       -2 top of shaft
    •corpus spongiosum
       -bottom; wrap urethra

Question 34

What are the four phases of sexual response cycle

Answer 34

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasmic
Resolution

Question 35

What is testosterone responsible for

Answer 35

For sex drive in both men and women

Question 36

What are the male response for excitement

Answer 36

-Erection begin
•penis tumescence; increase in length and diameter
-vasocongestion
-blood vessels of the corpus cavernosa and spongiosum dilate

Question 37

What is erection driven by for males during excitement

Answer 37

Parasympathetic nervous system

-must be in relaxes state

Question 38

What does the parasympathetic nerves communicate to?

Answer 38

To vessels in corpus cavernosa and spongeoum to release nitrous oxide

Question 39

What does nitrous oxide cause

Answer 39

Nitrous oxide ausea dilation of blood vessel

Question 40

What happens during excitement in males

Answer 40

-urethral opening widens
-scrotal skin experiences vasocongestion
-cremaster contacts
-testes elevate
-relax can be activated by thigh stroke
-nipples become erect (60% of men)
-sex flush (50-60% of men)
•skin vasodilatation response
-myotonia