Test 3.4

Question 1

What does the final stage of the nephron result in

Answer 1

Urine

Question 2

What’s the parts of the nephron

Answer 2

Glomerular (Bowmans) capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henel
Distal convoluted tubule

Question 3

Filtration membrane is _________

Answer 3

Semipermeable

Question 4

Filtration slits between __________ & __________

Answer 4

Pedicles of podocytes

Question 5

What’s net filtration pressure

Answer 5

Favors fluid diffusing from capillary to glomerular capsule

Question 6

What happens to blood during net filtration pressure

Answer 6

Blood fluids and solutes are forced out

Question 7

What happens to proteins and RBCs during net filtration pressure

Answer 7

Proteins and RBCs cannot leave capillary (create soo motif pull back)

Question 8

What does Glomerular Filtration rate

Answer 8

Amount of filtrate produced
-125 ml/min
-180 L/day
Driven by BP and flow

Question 9

How much urine is produced per day

Answer 9

1-2 L per day

Question 10

Where does reabsorption occur

Answer 10

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 11

What happen at the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

60% of filtrate is reabsorbed in PCT
      -ions are Na+, K+, HCO3
99% of nutrients are
      -glucose
      -amino acids
Accomplished with ion gradients and proteins transport

Question 12

If you are diabetic will you have more or less sugar in your blood

Answer 12

More

Question 13

Is the kidney a place to balance acid?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What does the nephron do?

Answer 14

Adjusts filtrate composition in kidneys and reabsorb useful things like

• water
• nutrients
• ions

Question 15

Loop of henel is ____________

Answer 15

Semipermeable

Question 16

The thin descending loop in the loop of henel is only for?

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

The thick ascending loop in the loop of henel is only for?

Answer 17

Solutes ( Na+ and Cl-)

Question 18

What occurs in the loop of henel

Answer 18

Countercurrent multiplication

-water follows salt

Question 19

The thin descending limp is?

Answer 19

Permeable to water and impermeable to solutes

Question 20

The thick ascending limb is

Answer 20

Impermeable to water, active solute transport

Question 21

Where is there high solute concentration

Answer 21

Near the tip of renal medulla

Question 22

What are the two types of nephrons

Answer 22

Cortical (most of nephrons)

Juxtameduallry (next to renal medulla)

Question 23

What does juxtameduallary prevent you from

Answer 23

Dehydration

Question 24

What are the supporting vessels in cortical and juxtameduallary

Answer 24

Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta capillaries

Question 25

What are the charactersitics of peritubular capillaries

Answer 25

Observed in both types
Normal capillary function
Accept reabsorbed filtrate components

Question 26

What’s the characteristic of vasa recta capillaries

Answer 26

Only with juxtameduallary nephron loop

Specialized to concentrate filtrate
-take away reabsorbed substances and transport back to circulation

Question 27

What is urea

Answer 27

Nitrogen waste

Question 28

What’s the characteristic of DCT

Answer 28

Only 15-20% of filtrate volume left

Composition no longer “blood plasma like”
-urea and waste are now main solutes

Secretion segment

Question 29

What occurs at the secretion segment of DCT

Answer 29

Drug (penicillin, atropine, morphine)

K+, H+, ammonium, ions
-H+ removal utilizes carbonic anhydrase reaction hormone

Question 30

Aldosterone stimulates additional ______

Answer 30

Na+ reabsorption

Question 31

Antidiuretic hormone additional ________

Answer 31

Water reabsorption

Question 32

Where is aldosterone made and what is it used for

Answer 32

Made in outer portion of adrenal gland and used for salt balance