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Bio 141 > Test 4.4 > Flashcards

Test 4.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does rugae in the stomach allow for

A

Allow for expansion and can increase the stomach by 50x

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2
Q

What happens to food in the stomach

A

Mechanical digestion

Chemical digestion
-proteins denatured by acid
-plant and connective tissue acid                         
breakdown
-fats and carbs
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3
Q

Lingual lipase and amylase still work until stomach pH drops under?

A

4.5

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4
Q

What are gastric pits

A

Stomach lining
-cells last 3-7 days

Mucus cells
-protect stomach from digesting itself

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5
Q

What does gastric glands consists of

A

Makes gastric juice

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6
Q

What are the different cells in the Gastric glands

A

Parietal cells

Cheif cells

G-cells (gastrin)

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7
Q

What do the parietal cells do in the gastric glands

A

Instrinic factor (B12 absorption)

Hydrochloric acid

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8
Q

What is the pH for an empty stomach

A

2

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9
Q

What does the chief cells in the gastric glands consist of

A

Pepsinogen (proenzyme) degrades protein

Activated by acid—–> pepsin

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10
Q

What does the G-cells do in the gastric glands

A

Hormone activates gastric glands

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11
Q

What are the three phases of _______

A

Cephalic phase

Gastric phase

Intestinal phase

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12
Q

What does the cephalic phase consist of

A

Sight,smell, sound

•sight of food activates PNS

 - signals via vagus nerve (ANS)
 - cells in gastric pit activated
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13
Q

What does the gastric phase consist of

A

Depends on stomach stimuli

  • stretch of stomach
  • increased pH
  • proteins (empty slow)
  • carbs, alcohol, coffee (empty quickly)
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14
Q

How long does food stay in your stomach

A

Up to 3-4 hrs

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15
Q

What does the intestinal phase consist of

A

-food moves on to intestine
-chyme emptying is controlled to maximize absorption
•pyloric sphincter
-enterogastric reflex activated as intestines are stretched
•gastric glands inhibited
•intestine hormone secretion activated
decreased intestinal pH

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16
Q

CCK

A

Cholecystokinin

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17
Q

GIP

A

Gastric inhibitory peptide

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18
Q

What happen at the small intestine

A

90% of absorption

It the size of a tennis court

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19
Q

What are the segments of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

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20
Q

What does the duodenum consist of

A

Receives stomach chyme and pancreas secretion

21
Q

What does the jejunum consists of

A

Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

22
Q

What does the ileum consist of

A

Peyers patches

Ileocecal valve

23
Q

What are the internal features of the small intestine

A

Plica circularis: surface area ( does not expand like rugae)

Lacetal

  • lymph vessel
  • fat absorption

Capillary beds
-facilitate absorption

24
Q

What are the external fractures of the small intestine

A

Mucus cells

Microvilli

25
Q

If food enters the stomach what happens to pH

A

It increases

26
Q

small proteins and carbs enter ________ for nutrient transport

A

Capillaries

-direct transport to liver

27
Q

Larger lipids enter ______ for nutrient transport

A

Lacetals

  • make a round trip in the lymph system
  • enter CV system via large vein
  • eventually circulate to liver
28
Q

What are the components of the liver

A

Hepatocytes adjust nutrient content

Bile production (break up lipids)

Bile stored in gallbladder

Bile is recycled

29
Q

What are hepatocytes

A

Liver cells

30
Q

What are the characteristic of hepatocytes

A

-receives venous blood from digestive organs

-has reserve to add nutrients: carbs, lipids, proteins
•under hormonal control
•nutrients exit via leaky capillaries

31
Q

What does bile production in the liver consists of

A

Emulsification

Salt breaks up lipids

32
Q

What does bile stored in the gallbladder consists of

A

CCK tiggers release

  • duodenum horomone
  • opens hepatopancreatic sphincter
  • Gall stores form from bile salt if too concentrated
33
Q

Where is bile reabsorbed

A

Ileum

34
Q

Do you need your gallbladder

A

No

35
Q

The liver secretes roughly how much per day

A

1 liter

36
Q

What are the characteristics of the pancreas

A

Shared structure
-digestive (exocrine)
•makes enzymes and buffers (pancreatic juices) in acini
•neutralizes stomach acid

37
Q

What does trysinogen (proenzyme) activate

A

Intestine secretions

38
Q

What’s the transport that occurs in the pancreas

A

To duodenum via pancreatic duct

39
Q

How long is food in the intestine

A

5 he’s

40
Q

Absorption in the pancreas is regulated by

A

Duodenum hormones

41
Q

What are the duodenum hormones

A

GIP
CCK
VIP

42
Q

What are the different parts in the large intestine

A

Cecum

Colon

Rectum

43
Q

What does the cecum do

A

Ilieocecal valve

44
Q

What does colon do

A

Stores waste

Reabsorbs water

Harbors bacteria

45
Q

What does the rectum do

A

Anal canal

Anus

  • internal sphincter is involuntary
  • external sphincter is voluntary
46
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine

A

Stores waste

Reabsorbs water

Harbor bacteria

Little absorption (

47
Q

What content is contain in the large intestine when it harbor Bacteria

A

Obtain vitamin K, biotin, and B5

Make hydrogen sulfide gas

Eat non digestible carbs

48
Q

Glands in the large intestine contain mostly

A

Mucus cells

49
Q

Why is poop brown

A

Heme from RBC breaks down into bilirubin (yellow color) in liver

Bilirubin —-> urobilin and stercobilin

Bio 141 (30 decks)

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