Test 4.4

Question 1

What does rugae in the stomach allow for

Answer 1

Allow for expansion and can increase the stomach by 50x

Question 2

What happens to food in the stomach

Answer 2

Mechanical digestion

Chemical digestion
-proteins denatured by acid
-plant and connective tissue acid                         
breakdown
-fats and carbs

Question 3

Lingual lipase and amylase still work until stomach pH drops under?

Answer 3

4.5

Question 4

What are gastric pits

Answer 4

Stomach lining
-cells last 3-7 days

Mucus cells
-protect stomach from digesting itself

Question 5

What does gastric glands consists of

Answer 5

Makes gastric juice

Question 6

What are the different cells in the Gastric glands

Answer 6

Parietal cells

Cheif cells

G-cells (gastrin)

Question 7

What do the parietal cells do in the gastric glands

Answer 7

Instrinic factor (B12 absorption)

Hydrochloric acid

Question 8

What is the pH for an empty stomach

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What does the chief cells in the gastric glands consist of

Answer 9

Pepsinogen (proenzyme) degrades protein

Activated by acid—–> pepsin

Question 10

What does the G-cells do in the gastric glands

Answer 10

Hormone activates gastric glands

Question 11

What are the three phases of _______

Answer 11

Cephalic phase

Gastric phase

Intestinal phase

Question 12

What does the cephalic phase consist of

Answer 12

Sight,smell, sound

•sight of food activates PNS

 - signals via vagus nerve (ANS)
 - cells in gastric pit activated

Question 13

What does the gastric phase consist of

Answer 13

Depends on stomach stimuli

• stretch of stomach
• increased pH
• proteins (empty slow)
• carbs, alcohol, coffee (empty quickly)

Question 14

How long does food stay in your stomach

Answer 14

Up to 3-4 hrs

Question 15

What does the intestinal phase consist of

Answer 15

-food moves on to intestine
-chyme emptying is controlled to maximize absorption
•pyloric sphincter
-enterogastric reflex activated as intestines are stretched
•gastric glands inhibited
•intestine hormone secretion activated
decreased intestinal pH

Question 16

CCK

Answer 16

Cholecystokinin

Question 17

GIP

Answer 17

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 18

What happen at the small intestine

Answer 18

90% of absorption

It the size of a tennis court

Question 19

What are the segments of the small intestine

Answer 19

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Question 20

What does the duodenum consist of

Answer 20

Receives stomach chyme and pancreas secretion

Question 21

What does the jejunum consists of

Answer 21

Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 22

What does the ileum consist of

Answer 22

Peyers patches

Ileocecal valve

Question 23

What are the internal features of the small intestine

Answer 23

Plica circularis: surface area ( does not expand like rugae)

Lacetal

• lymph vessel
• fat absorption

Capillary beds
-facilitate absorption

Question 24

What are the external fractures of the small intestine

Answer 24

Mucus cells

Microvilli

Question 25

If food enters the stomach what happens to pH

Answer 25

It increases

Question 26

small proteins and carbs enter ________ for nutrient transport

Answer 26

Capillaries -direct transport to liver

Question 27

Larger lipids enter ______ for nutrient transport

Answer 27

Lacetals - make a round trip in the lymph system - enter CV system via large vein - eventually circulate to liver

Question 28

What are the components of the liver

Answer 28

Hepatocytes adjust nutrient content Bile production (break up lipids) Bile stored in gallbladder Bile is recycled

Question 29

What are hepatocytes

Answer 29

Liver cells

Question 30

What are the characteristic of hepatocytes

Answer 30

-receives venous blood from digestive organs -has reserve to add nutrients: carbs, lipids, proteins •under hormonal control •nutrients exit via leaky capillaries

Question 31

What does bile production in the liver consists of

Answer 31

Emulsification Salt breaks up lipids

Question 32

What does bile stored in the gallbladder consists of

Answer 32

CCK tiggers release * duodenum horomone * opens hepatopancreatic sphincter * Gall stores form from bile salt if too concentrated

Question 33

Where is bile reabsorbed

Answer 33

Ileum

Question 34

Do you need your gallbladder

Answer 34

No

Question 35

The liver secretes roughly how much per day

Answer 35

1 liter

Question 36

What are the characteristics of the pancreas

Answer 36

Shared structure -digestive (exocrine) •makes enzymes and buffers (pancreatic juices) in acini •neutralizes stomach acid

Question 37

What does trysinogen (proenzyme) activate

Answer 37

Intestine secretions

Question 38

What's the transport that occurs in the pancreas

Answer 38

To duodenum via pancreatic duct

Question 39

How long is food in the intestine

Answer 39

5 he's

Question 40

Absorption in the pancreas is regulated by

Answer 40

Duodenum hormones

Question 41

What are the duodenum hormones

Answer 41

GIP CCK VIP

Question 42

What are the different parts in the large intestine

Answer 42

Cecum Colon Rectum

Question 43

What does the cecum do

Answer 43

Ilieocecal valve

Question 44

What does colon do

Answer 44

Stores waste Reabsorbs water Harbors bacteria

Question 45

What does the rectum do

Answer 45

Anal canal Anus - internal sphincter is involuntary - external sphincter is voluntary

Question 46

What are the functions of the large intestine

Answer 46

Stores waste Reabsorbs water Harbor bacteria Little absorption (

Question 47

What content is contain in the large intestine when it harbor Bacteria

Answer 47

Obtain vitamin K, biotin, and B5 Make hydrogen sulfide gas Eat non digestible carbs

Question 48

Glands in the large intestine contain mostly

Answer 48

Mucus cells

Question 49

Why is poop brown

Answer 49

Heme from RBC breaks down into bilirubin (yellow color) in liver Bilirubin ----> urobilin and stercobilin