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Bio 251 > TEST 4 vocab > Flashcards

TEST 4 vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Non-specific immunity. Immediate, always on

A

Innate immunity

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2
Q

Specific immunity. Delayed response

A

Adaptive immunity

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3
Q

Synchronous movement of respiratory cilia to propel dust and microorganisms trapped in mucous up toward the throat

A

Mucociliary escalator

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4
Q

Produced by sebaceous glands in the skin, prevents hair from drying out and forms a protective film over the skin

A

Sebum

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5
Q

Produced by sweat glands, helps maintain body temp, eliminate waste and flush microorganisms off the skin

A

Perspiration

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6
Q

Enzyme found saliva, tears, perspiration, and nasal secretions, that is capable of breaking down the peptidoglycan wall in bacteria cells

A

Lysozyme

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7
Q

Found in stomach, contains hydrochloric acids, pH 1.2 - 3

A

Gastric juice

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8
Q

The fluid portion of the blood

A

Plasma

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9
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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10
Q

cell fragments which allow the body to form blood clots

A

Platelets

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11
Q

During infections, leukocytes increase

A

Leukocytosis

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12
Q

During infection, leukocytes decrease

A

Leukopenia

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13
Q

Ingestion of microorganisms or particle by cell

A

Phagocytosis

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14
Q

Defensive response to damage caused by physical or chemical agents

A

Inflammation

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15
Q

A defensive system containing over 30 proteins produced by the liver

A

Complement system

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16
Q

Both organisms benefit; required relationship

*e coli in large intestine

A

Mutualism

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17
Q

Microbe benefits, we are not harmed

*staphylococcus epidermis on skin

A

Commensalism

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18
Q

Microbe benefits, we are harmed

*tuberculosis

A

Parasitism

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19
Q

Protein or polysaccharide that evokes a highly specific immune response

A

Antigens

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20
Q

Specific region on an antigen that an antibody can recognize

A

The epitope (antigenic determinant)

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21
Q

Chemical messengers of immune cells, produced by all but especially helper T

A

Cytokines

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22
Q

Cytokines that serve as communicators between leukocytes

A

Interleukins

23
Q

Cytokines that induce leukocytes to migrate to areas of infection or tissue damage

A

Chemokines

24
Q

The process where a lymphocyte will first divide and then differentiate into a mature effector cell

A

Clonal selection

25
Q

Antigens found on all cells of body except RBC, indicate cell as “self”

A

MHC 1

26
Q

Found on certain immune cells called antigen-presenting cells, play a big role in stimulating an immune response

A

MHC II

27
Q

Process in which antigens are processed into fragments and then presented to T cells

A

Antigen presentation

28
Q

Antibodies that protect against pathogens that circulate freely

A

Humoral immunity

29
Q

Deals with intracellular pathogens has effector cells

A

Cellular immunity

30
Q

CD4 cells first divide, producing several thousand, then they differentiate

A

Clonal expansion

31
Q

Strength of the bond between an antigen and antibody

A

Affinity

32
Q

When antibodies cause antigens to clump together

A

Agglutination

33
Q

Coating of antigens with antibodies that enhances phagocytosis

A

Opsonization

34
Q

IgG antibodies that inactivate viruses by blocking their attachment to host cells and neutralize toxins

A

Neutralization

35
Q

The ability of antibodies to stimulate NK cells and cells of the innate immune system to kill targeted cells

A

ADCC

36
Q

An antigenic response beyond that which is considered normal

A

Hypersensitivity

37
Q

an inclusive term used for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with IgE antibodies

A

Anaphylaxis

38
Q

Pore-forming protein

A

Perforin

39
Q

Can enter through a pore and induce apoptosis

A

Granzyme

40
Q

Overall susceptibility of populations to infectious diseases

A

herd immunity

41
Q

Causes slow release of vaccine, stimulates immune cells, enhancing immune response

A

Adjuvant

42
Q

Capsules, carrier protein are required. Used in diseases with children with the poor immune response to capsular polysaccharides

A

Conjugate vaccine

43
Q

Inactivated toxins, Acellular, does not cause infection and induces the production of antitoxin antibody in host

A

Toxoid

44
Q

Weakened but intact, remains antigenic and can replicate closely mimic actual infection

A

Attenuated

45
Q

an immunogen that requires T cell cooperation with B cells to synthesize specific antibodies.

A

T-dependent antigens

46
Q

elicits antibody production by B lymphocytes without T lymphocyte involvement.

A

T-independent antigen

47
Q

Vaccination is given after the initial vaccination

A

Booster

48
Q

Use of synthetic or naturally derived compounds to fight infectious disease in a living host

A

Chemotherapy

49
Q

Naturally occurring substances produced by an organism to kill or inhibit the growth of other organisms

A

Antibiotics

50
Q

Chemically synthesized compounds that are selectively toxic to organisms

A

Chemosynthetic agents

51
Q

The minimum concentration needed to prevent the replication of a certain microbe

A

MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration

52
Q

Min dose of a drug that is toxic to the host divided by the effective therapeutic dose

A

Chemotherapeutic index

53
Q

Inhibit a large range of both G- and G+ bacteria

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotic

54
Q

Antibiotic that acts only against a few groups of bacteria

A

Narrow spectrum antibiotic

Bio 251 (17 decks)

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