TEST 4 vocab Flashcards
Non-specific immunity. Immediate, always on
Innate immunity
Specific immunity. Delayed response
Adaptive immunity
Synchronous movement of respiratory cilia to propel dust and microorganisms trapped in mucous up toward the throat
Mucociliary escalator
Produced by sebaceous glands in the skin, prevents hair from drying out and forms a protective film over the skin
Sebum
Produced by sweat glands, helps maintain body temp, eliminate waste and flush microorganisms off the skin
Perspiration
Enzyme found saliva, tears, perspiration, and nasal secretions, that is capable of breaking down the peptidoglycan wall in bacteria cells
Lysozyme
Found in stomach, contains hydrochloric acids, pH 1.2 - 3
Gastric juice
The fluid portion of the blood
Plasma
White blood cells
Leukocytes
cell fragments which allow the body to form blood clots
Platelets
During infections, leukocytes increase
Leukocytosis
During infection, leukocytes decrease
Leukopenia
Ingestion of microorganisms or particle by cell
Phagocytosis
Defensive response to damage caused by physical or chemical agents
Inflammation
A defensive system containing over 30 proteins produced by the liver
Complement system
Both organisms benefit; required relationship
*e coli in large intestine
Mutualism
Microbe benefits, we are not harmed
*staphylococcus epidermis on skin
Commensalism
Microbe benefits, we are harmed
*tuberculosis
Parasitism
Protein or polysaccharide that evokes a highly specific immune response
Antigens
Specific region on an antigen that an antibody can recognize
The epitope (antigenic determinant)
Chemical messengers of immune cells, produced by all but especially helper T
Cytokines
Cytokines that serve as communicators between leukocytes
Interleukins
Cytokines that induce leukocytes to migrate to areas of infection or tissue damage
Chemokines
The process where a lymphocyte will first divide and then differentiate into a mature effector cell
Clonal selection
Antigens found on all cells of body except RBC, indicate cell as “self”
MHC 1
Found on certain immune cells called antigen-presenting cells, play a big role in stimulating an immune response
MHC II
Process in which antigens are processed into fragments and then presented to T cells
Antigen presentation
Antibodies that protect against pathogens that circulate freely
Humoral immunity
Deals with intracellular pathogens has effector cells
Cellular immunity
CD4 cells first divide, producing several thousand, then they differentiate
Clonal expansion
Strength of the bond between an antigen and antibody
Affinity
When antibodies cause antigens to clump together
Agglutination
Coating of antigens with antibodies that enhances phagocytosis
Opsonization
IgG antibodies that inactivate viruses by blocking their attachment to host cells and neutralize toxins
Neutralization
The ability of antibodies to stimulate NK cells and cells of the innate immune system to kill targeted cells
ADCC
An antigenic response beyond that which is considered normal
Hypersensitivity
an inclusive term used for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with IgE antibodies
Anaphylaxis
Pore-forming protein
Perforin
Can enter through a pore and induce apoptosis
Granzyme
Overall susceptibility of populations to infectious diseases
herd immunity
Causes slow release of vaccine, stimulates immune cells, enhancing immune response
Adjuvant
Capsules, carrier protein are required. Used in diseases with children with the poor immune response to capsular polysaccharides
Conjugate vaccine
Inactivated toxins, Acellular, does not cause infection and induces the production of antitoxin antibody in host
Toxoid
Weakened but intact, remains antigenic and can replicate closely mimic actual infection
Attenuated
an immunogen that requires T cell cooperation with B cells to synthesize specific antibodies.
T-dependent antigens
elicits antibody production by B lymphocytes without T lymphocyte involvement.
T-independent antigen
Vaccination is given after the initial vaccination
Booster
Use of synthetic or naturally derived compounds to fight infectious disease in a living host
Chemotherapy
Naturally occurring substances produced by an organism to kill or inhibit the growth of other organisms
Antibiotics
Chemically synthesized compounds that are selectively toxic to organisms
Chemosynthetic agents
The minimum concentration needed to prevent the replication of a certain microbe
MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration
Min dose of a drug that is toxic to the host divided by the effective therapeutic dose
Chemotherapeutic index
Inhibit a large range of both G- and G+ bacteria
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
Antibiotic that acts only against a few groups of bacteria
Narrow spectrum antibiotic
