Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 251 > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biosafety levels

A
  1. no known risk - open bench, sink goggles, gloves
  2. disease in healthy adults but easily contained, transmission through ingestion, mucous membrane - biohazard warning, sharps, disposal of waste
  3. Disease may be lethal - controlled access
  4. high risk of lethal - complete isolation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infections acquired while receiving health care that was not previously there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transient flora

Resident flora

A

Transient flora - temporarily present - easily acquired and transferred in a healthcare setting,

Resident flora - is always present - in skin and hair follicles, protect us from pathogens, and is difficult to remove. Compete for nutrients, occupy space and produce antimicrobial compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symbiotic -

Commensals -

Opportunists -

A

Symbiotic - Living together

Commensals - inhabit bodies and may benefit normal flora and opportunities

Opportunists - capable of causing disease when given the opportunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Culture medium?

Broth?

Solid/plate?

Growth?

A

Culture medium - nutrient source to allow microbes to grow

Broth - liquid at room temp; growth turbidity

Solid/plate - broth + agar (causes media to become solid)

Growth - colonies - visible masses of microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of media

General-purpose media?

Enrichment media?

Selective media?

Differential media?

incubation?

A

General-purpose media - grows most types of microbes that do not need special growth factors *Tryptic soy broth and agar

  • *Enrichment media** - special growth factors required by some microbes
  • *Blood agar blood cells are broken to get nutrients like heme*
  • *Selective media** -substances that inhibit some growth and encourage others
  • *Sabourauds dextrose agar - encourages yeast and mold*
  • *Differential media** - id of microbe based on physical growth differences (what they look like when growing)
  • *Blood agar as different patterns of hemolysis can be observed*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TSA - Tryptic soy Agar

SDA - Sabourauds dextrose Agar

BAP - Blood Agar

A

TSA - Tryptic soy Agar - general purpose

SDA - Sabourauds dextrose Agar - selective media, inhibits the growth of bacteria due to high concentration of dextrose, promotes the growth of fungi

BAP - Blood Agar - enrichment and differential media, contains growth factors for certain microbes and shows differences between different types of microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of Microscopy

A

Light - magnify images of microorganisms

Brightfield - transmits light through the specimen and appears dark on a light background. Used for stained specimens

Phase-contrast - special lens, diaphragms to slightly alter paths of light waves from an object using diffraction pattern that allows viewing of transparent parts. Used for live, unstained specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the magnifications of the following

Ocular lens?

Objective lens
Scanner?
Low power?
High dry?
Oil immersion?

Condenser lens?

A

Ocular lens - 15X

Objective lens
Scanner- 4x
Low power - 10x
High dry - 40X
Oil immersion-100x

Condenser lens - no magnification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the total magnification for the following

Ocular + scanner?

Ocular + low power?

Ocular + high dry?

Ocular + oil immersion?

A

Ocular + scanner = 60X

Ocular + low power = 150X

Ocular + high dry = 600X

Ocular + oil immersion = 1500X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Resolution?

Max resolution of light microscope?

A

Resolution - ability to distinguish objects from one another

Max = 0.2 micrometers
*particle of light must pass between 2 objects.
*a particle of light is 0.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Magnification?

How does it work?

What cannot be seen with a light microscope?

A

Magnification - the ability of a microscope to make an object appear bigger

light passed through specimen picking up image - which lens makes bigger.

if under 0.2 light will just go around it

Viruses cannot be seen with light microscope must use Electron microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parfocal?

Working distance?

A

Parfocal - the image will stay in focus if you go from lower to higher power objective lens

Working distance - the distance between the bottom of the objective lens and the slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prokaryotic cells

Classification?
2 types?

A

Small, single-celled (unicellular)

Lack true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Bacteria and Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eukaryotic cells

Classification?

A

Larger, single-celled or multicellular

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 3 domains?

What are 4 kingdoms?

A

Domains - Archaea, bacteria, eukarya

Kingdoms - Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Kingdom Protista includes?

A

Protista

Protozoans and algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Kingdom Fungi includes?

Dimorphic?

A

Fungi

Mold - multicellular, filamentous, sexually via spores

Yeast - unicellular, round cells, asexually via budding

Dimorphic - occurs in both forms depending on environment

19
Q

Kingdom Animalia includes?

A

Helminths - parasitic worms

20
Q

What is the procedure for culture spill?

A
  1. Cover with paper towel, soak with disinfectant, let stand for 10 mins
  2. reclean with new paper towel and dispose of all paper towels in autoclave bag

*if available, activated peroxide wipes

21
Q

What is procedure for fire?

A

In case of fire, students should inform the instructor immediately, and evacuate the area. Pull the fire
alarm. Inform the CSN campus security officer on duty.

22
Q

ubiquitous -

Fomite -

A

can be found in any habitat on earth

fomite – a person or object
that mechanically carries microbes from one person or place to another

23
Q

What is a colony on an agar plate?

A

Larger hairy - Mold

Smaller - bacteria

24
Q

Resident flora must have these conditions to live

A

Slightly hypertonic
Slightly acidic 5-6
Tolerate oils
tolerate keratinocytes that have little nutrients

25
Q

Where is the following found:

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Corynebacterium

Propionobacterium

A

Staphylococcus aureus - found on nares

Staphylococcus epidermidis - found on skil

Corynebacterium - on the skin

Propionobacterium - in sebaceous glands

26
Q

Nosocomial infections may include:

What 3 others can lead to food poisoning?

A

MRSA - methicillin-resistant S aureus

VRE - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

Clostridium difficile

Can lead to food poisoning:
Staphylococcus
E. coli
Salmonella

27
Q

Describe the proper way to wear a lab coat?

Where are lab coats stored?

A

Long sleeves and come to knee level. button up

Stored in the lab with names on them. Stored in bin

28
Q

What is biosafety level 1 & 2

A

Level 1 is not known to cause disease in healthy humans, open bench, sink, goggles, gloves

Level 2 is associated with human disease in healthy humans. Easily contained. Transmission through percutaneous, ingestion, mucous membrane.
-Biohazard warning, sharps, disposal of waste and surveillance, biosafety cabinet for aerosols or splash. Googles, lab coats, gloves. plus autoclave

29
Q

When should Goggles be worn?

A

Googles should be worn when working with liquids

30
Q

What is the procedure for a culture spill?

A

Cover spill with a paper towel
Soak with disinfectant immediately
let stand for 10 mins, reclean with a new paper towel
Dispose of paper towel in an autoclave bag

31
Q

What is the procedure for a fire?

A

inform instructor
evacuate area
Pull fire alarm
Inform CSN campus security

32
Q

What is the last thing a student must do before leaving the lab?

A

Wash hands

33
Q

Who was the first person to link the infectious disease, childbed fever, with microorganisms spread through contact with contaminated and unwashed hands

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

34
Q

What does cultural media provide organisms?

What makes a solid media solid? what are the advantages of solid media?

What Is a colony on a agar plate?

A

Nutrient source

Solid media contains agar (dervied from seaweed) & advantages are it provides a flat solid surface

Colony - clones from one bacterium

35
Q
A
36
Q

Should one be concerned about bacteria growth in the throat?

A

Some can be in the throat temporarily like Streptococcus pyogenes which causes strep throat

37
Q

What is the difference between a bacterial colony and a microbial colony?

A

Larger hairy colonies are MOLD

Smaller non fluffy colonies are BACTERIA

38
Q

What is the purpose of immersion oil?

A

Reduces bending and distortion.

Oil has the same refractive index as glass so less light bends preserving good resolution

39
Q

What are the 3 lenses on the microscope and what is the purpose of 3rd lens?

What is the purpose of the iris diaphragm?

A

Ocular, objective, and condenser. Condenser is not involved in magnification but focuses and concentrates the light reaching the specimen.

The iris diaphragm is within the condenser and can be opened and closed with a lever to regulate the amount of light reaching the slide

40
Q

What is resolving power?

0.2 micrometers are also called

A

is the minimal distance 2 objects must be apart in order to distinguish them as separate and distinct

microns

41
Q

Archaea and bacteria are generally ____-Cellular?

Protista has both ___-cellular and ____- cellular?

Fungi have ____ which are unicellular and ____ which are multicellular

Kindgom Animalia are ___ cellular

Protozoa are classified by

A

Archea & bacteria - unicellular

Protista have both unicellular and multicellular

Fungi - yeast - unicellular, mold - multicellular

Animals are multicellular

Protozoa are classified by their method of locomotion (Cilia, pseudopodia, flagella, non-motile)

42
Q

What are the 2 members of the animal kingdom which are eukaryotic cells…

A

Turbatrix aceti (vinegar eels) that grow well in acetic acid and are motile

Planaria which motile free-living flat worms with eyespots

43
Q

Fungi are non-photosynthetic _____trophic

Yeasts are best known for their role in

When hyphae become large macroscopic mass they are called

A

Heterotrophic (use organics for carbon and energy) decomposers

Fermentation in making bread and beer

Mycelium

Bio 251 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions