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A & P second semester > Test 4: Chapter 26 Urinary System > Flashcards

Test 4: Chapter 26 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these is NOT a general function of the kidneys?

  1. regulation of blood volume
  2. regulation of solute concentration in the blood
  3. regulation of the pH of the extracellular fluid
  4. regulation of vitamin A synthesis
  5. regulation of red blood cell synthesis
A
  1. regulation of vitamin A synthesis
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2
Q

The cortex of the kidney contains the

  1. hilum
  2. glomeruli
  3. adipose tissue
  4. renal pyramids
  5. renal pyramids
A
  1. glomeruli
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3
Q

Given these structures, choose the order as urine leaves the collecting duct and travels to ureter.

  1. major calyx
  2. minor calyx
  3. renal papilla
  4. renal pelvis
A

3 2 1 4

  1. renal papilla
  2. minor calyx
  3. major calyx
  4. renal pelvis
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4
Q

Which of these structures contains blood?

  1. glomerulus
  2. vasa recta
  3. distal convoluted tubule
  4. Bowman capsule
  5. both 1 and 2
A
  1. both 1 and 2
  2. glomerulus
  3. vasa recta
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5
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells of the ____ and the macula densa cells of the ___ form the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

  1. afferent arteriole; proximal convoluted tubule
  2. afferent arteriole; distal convoluted tubule
  3. efferent arteriole; proximal convoluted tubule
  4. efferent arteriole; distal convoluted tubule
A
  1. afferent arteriole; distal convoluted tubule
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6
Q

Given these blood vessels, choose the corrent order as blood passes from interlobular artery to inerlobular vein.

  1. afferent arteriole
  2. efferent arteriole
  3. glomerulus
  4. peritubular capillaries
A

1 3 2 4

  1. afferent arteriole
  2. glomerulus
  3. efferent arteriole
  4. peritubular capillaries
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7
Q

Which of the processes is responsible for kidney function?

  1. filtration
  2. secretion
  3. reabsorption
  4. both 1 and 2
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. all of these are correct
  2. filtration
  3. secretion
  4. reabsorption
  5. both 1 and 2
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8
Q

The amount of plasma that enters the Bowman capsule per minute is the

  1. GFR
  2. renal plasma flow
  3. renal fraction
  4. renal blood flow
A
  1. GFR

Glumerular filtration rate

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9
Q

If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg, and the blood colloid osmotic pressure within the glomerulus is 30 mm Hg, the filtration pressure is

  1. -20 mm Hg
  2. 0 mm Hg
  3. 20 mm Hg
  4. 60 mm Hg
A
  1. 0 mm Hg
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10
Q

Which of these conditions reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus?

  1. elevated blood pressure
  2. constriction of the afferent arterioles
  3. decreased plasma protein in the glomerulus
  4. dilation of the afferent arterioles
  5. decreased capsular hydrostatic pressure
A
  1. constriction of the afferent arterioles
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11
Q

If blood pressure increases by 50 mm Hg

  1. the afferent arterioles constrict
  2. glomerular capillary pressure increases by 50 mm Hg
  3. GFR increases dramactically
  4. efferent arterioles constrict
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. the afferent arterioles constrict
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12
Q

Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the

  1. end of the proximal convoluted tubule
  2. tip of the loop of Henle
  3. end of the distal convoluted tubule
  4. end of the collecting duct
  5. Bowman capsule
A
  1. end of the proximal convoluted tubule
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13
Q

The greatest volume of water is reabsorbed from the nephron by the

  1. proximal convoluted tubule
  2. loop of Henle
  3. distal convoluted tubule
  4. collecting duct
A
  1. proximal convoluted tubule
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14
Q

Water leaves the nephron by

  1. active transport
  2. filtration into the capillary network
  3. osmosis
  4. facilitated diffusion
  5. symport
A
  1. osmosis
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15
Q

Potassium ions enter the ____ by ____.

  1. proximal convoluted tubule, diffusion
  2. proximal convoluted tubule, active transport
  3. distal convoluted tubule, diffusion
  4. distal convoluted tubule, antiport
A
  1. distal convoluted tubule, antiport
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16
Q

Reabsorption of most solute molecules from the proximal convoluted tubule is linked to the active transport of Na+ across the

  1. apical membrane and out of the cell
  2. apical membrane and into the cell
  3. basal membrane and out of the cell
  4. basal membrane and into the cell
A
  1. basal membrane and out of the cell
17
Q

Which of these ions is used to symport amino acids, glucose, and other solutes through the apical membrane of nephron epithelial cells?

  1. K+
  2. Na+
  3. C-
  4. Ca2+
  5. Mg2+
A
  1. Na+
18
Q

Which of the following contributes to the formation of a hyperosmotic environment in the medulla of the kidneys?

  1. the effects of ADH on water permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  2. the impermeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to water
  3. the symport of Na+, K+, and Cl- out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  4. both 1 and 3
  5. both 2 and 3
A
  1. both 2 and 3
19
Q

At which of these sites is the osmolality of the filtrate at its lowest (lowest concentration)?

  1. glomerular capillary
  2. proximal convoluted tubule
  3. top of the loop of Henle
  4. initial section of the distal convoluted tubule
  5. collecting duct
A
  1. initial section of the distal convoluted tubule
20
Q

Increased aldosterone causes

  1. increased reabsorption of Na+
  2. decreased blood pressure
  3. decreased reabsorption of Cl-
  4. increased volume of urine
A
  1. increased reabsorption of Na+
21
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells are involved in the secretion of

  1. ADH
  2. angiotensin
  3. aldosterone
  4. renin
A
  1. renin
22
Q

Angiotensin II

  1. causes vasoconstriction
  2. stimulates aldosterone secretion
  3. stimulates ADH secretion
  4. increases the sensation of thirst
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. all of these are correct
  2. causes vasoconstriction
  3. stimulates aldosterone secretion
  4. stimulates ADH secretion
  5. increases the sensation of thirst
23
Q

ADH governs

  1. Na+ pump of the proximal convoluted tubules
  2. water permeability of the loop of Henle
  3. Na+ pump of the vasa recta
  4. water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
  5. Na+ reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
A
  1. water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
24
Q

A decrease in blood osmolality results in

  1. increased ADH secretion
  2. increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water
  3. decreased urine osmolality
  4. decreased urine output
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. decreased urine osmolality
25
Q

The amount of a substance that passes through the filtration membrane into the nephrons per minute is the

  1. renal plasma flow
  2. tubular load
  3. plasma clearance
  4. tubular maximum
A
  1. plasma clearance
26
Q

The urinary bladder

  1. is composed of skeletal muscle
  2. is lined by simple columnar epithelium
  3. is connected to the outside of the body by the ureter
  4. is located in the pelvic cavity
  5. has 2 urethras and 1 ureter attached to it
A
  1. is located in the pelvic cavity

A & P second semester (15 decks)

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