Test 4: Chapter 23 Respiratory System

Question 1

The nasal cavity

1. has openings for the paranasal sinuses
2. has a vestibule, which contains the olfactory epithelium
3. is connected to the pharynx by the nares
4. has passageways called conchae
5. is lined with squamous epithelium, except for the vestibule

Answer 1

1. has openings for the paranasal sinuses

Question 2

The larynx

1. connects the oropharynx to the trachea
2. has 3 unpaired and 6 paired cartilages
3. contains the vocal folds
4. contains the vestibular folds
5. all of these are correct

Answer 2

5. all of these are correct
6. connects the oropharynx to the trachea
7. has 3 unpaired and 6 paired cartilages
8. contains the vocal folds
9. contains the vestibular folds

Question 3

Terminal bronchioles branch to form

1. the alveolar duct
2. alveoli
3. bronchioles
4. respiratory bronchioles

Answer 3

4. respiratory bronchioles

Question 4

During an asthma attack, a person has difficulty breathing because of constriction of the

1. trachea
2. bronchi
3. terminal bronchioles
4. alveoli
5. respiratory membrane

Answer 4

3. terminal bronchioles

Question 5

During quiet expiration, the

1. abdominal muscles relax
2. diaphragm moves inferiorly
3. external intercostal muscles contract
4. thorax and lungs passively recoil
5. all of these are correct

Answer 5

4. thorax and lungs passively recoil

Question 6

The parietal pleura

1. covers the surface of the lung
2. covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
3. is the connective tissue partition that divides the thoracic cavity into R and L pleural cavities
4. covers the inner surface of the alveoli
5. is the membrane across which gas exchange occurs

Answer 6

2. covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

Question 7

Contraction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle has which of these effects?

1. a smaller pressure gradient is required to get the same rate of airflow
2. it increases airflow through the bronchioles
3. it increases resistance to airflow
4. it increases alveolar ventilation

Answer 7

3. it increases resistance to airflow

Question 8

During expiration, the intra-alveolar pressure is

1. lower than the pleural pressure
2. greater than the barometric pressure
3. lower than the barometric pressure
4. unchanged

Answer 8

2. greater than the barometric pressure

Question 9

Normally, which of the following keeps the lungs from collapsing?

1. surfactant
2. pleural pressure
3. elastic recoil
4. both 1 & 2 are correct

Answer 9

4. both 1 & 2 are correct
5. surfactant
6. pleural pressure

Question 10

Immediately after the creation of an opening through the thorax into the pleural cavity,

1. air flows through the hole and into the pleural cavity
2. air flows through the hole and out of the pleural cavity
3. air flows neither out nor in
4. the lunch protrudes through the hole

Answer 10

1. air flows through the hole and into the pleural cavity

Question 11

Compliance of the lungs and thorax

1. is the volume by which the lungs and thorax change for each unit change of intra-alveolar pressure
2. increases in emphysema
3. decreases because of lack of surfactant
4. all of these are correct

Answer 11

4. all of these are correct
5. is the volume by which the lungs and thorax change for each unit change of intra-alveolar pressure
6. increases in emphysema
7. decreases because of lack of surfactant

Question 12

Given these lung volumes:

1) tidal volume = 500 mL
2) residual volume = 1000 mL
3) inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
4) expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
5) dead space = 1000 mL

The vital capacity is:

a. 3000 mL
b. 3500 mL
c. 4000 mL
d. 5000 mL
e. 6000 mL

Answer 12

c. 4000 mL

Question 13

Alveolar ventilation is the

1. tidal volume times the respiratory rate
2. minute ventilation plus the dead space
3. amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs
4. vital capacity divided by the respiratory rate
5. inspiratory reserve volume times minute ventilation

Answer 13

3. amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs

Question 14

The rate of diffusion of a gas across the respiratory membrane increases as the

1. respiratory membrane becomes thicker
2. surface area of the respiratory membrane decreases
3. partial pressure gradient of the gas across the respiratory membrane increases
4. diffusion coefficient of the gas decreases
5. all of these are correct

Answer 14

3. partial pressure gradient of the gas across the respiratory membrane increases

Question 15

Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood

1. dissolved in plasma
2. bound to blood proteins
3. within HCO-3
4. bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin

Answer 15

4. bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin

Question 16

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is adaptive because it

1. shifts to the R in the pulmonary capillaries and to the L in the tissue capillaries
2. shifts to the L in the pulmonary capillaries and to the R in the tissue capillaries
3. does not shift

Answer 16

2. shifts to the L in the pulmonary capillaries and to the R in the tissue capillaries

Question 17

Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in the blood

1. dissolved in plasma
2. bound to blood pressure
3. within HCO-3
4. bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin
5. bound to the globin portion of hemoglobin

Answer 17

3. within HCO-3

Question 18

The choride shift

1. promotes the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood
2. occurs when Cl- replaces HCO-3 within red blood cells
3. maintains electrical neutrality in red blood cells and the plasma
4. all of these are correct

Answer 18

2. occurs when Cl- replaces HCO-3 within red blood cells

Question 19

Which of these parts of the brainstem is correctly matched with its main function?

1. ventral respiratory groups: stimulate the diaphragm
2. dorsal respiratory groups: limit inflation of the lungs
3. pontine respiratory group: is involved in the switch between inspiration and expiration
4. all of these are correct

Answer 19

3. pontine respiratory group: is involved in the switch between inspiration and expiration

Question 20

The chemosensitive area

1. stimulates the respiratory center when blood carbon dioxide levels increase
2. stimulates the respiratory center when blood pH increases
3. is located in the pons
4. stimulates the respiratory center when blood oxygen levels increase

Answer 20

1. stimulates the respiratory center when blood carbon dioxide levels increase

Question 21

Blood oxygen levels

1. are more important than carbon dioxide levels in the regulation of respiration
2. need to change only slightly to cause a change in respiration
3. are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
4. all of these are correct

Answer 21

3. are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies