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A & P second semester > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the

a. aortic semilunar valve
b.pulmonary semilunar valve
c. tricuspid valve
d/ becuspid valve

A

c. tricuspid valve

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2
Q

Given these structures, choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an action potential passes through them.

  1. atrioventricular bundle
  2. AV node
  3. bundle branches
  4. Purkinje fibers
  5. SA node
A

5 2 1 3 4

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3
Q

T waves on an ECG represent

a. depolarization of the ventricles
b. repolarization of the ventricles
c. depolarization of the atria
d. repolarization of the atria

A

b. repolarization of the ventricles

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4
Q

Comparing and contrasting arteries and veins, veins have

a. thicker walls
b. a greater amount of smooth muscles than arteries
c. a tunica media, but arteries do not
d. valves, but arteries do not
e. all of these are correct

A

d. valves, but arteries do not

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5
Q

The structures that supply the walls of blood vessels with blood are

a. venous shunts
b. tunic channels
c. arteriovenous anastomoses
d. vasa vasorum
e. coronary arteries

A

d. vasa vasorum

Vasa Vasorum: arteries/veins > 1mm in diameter have a small network that supply nutrients, which can’t diffuse from the lumen

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6
Q

Vascular compliance is

a. greater in arteries than in veins
b. the increase in vessel volume divided by the increase in vessel pressure
c. the pressure at which blood vessels collapse
d. proportional to the diameter of the blood vessel times pressure
e. all of these are correct

A

b. the increase in vessel volume divided by the increase in vessel pressure

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7
Q

The lymphatic system

a. removes excess fluid from tissues
b. absorbs lipids from the digestive tract
c. defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances
d. all of these are correct

A

d. all of these are correct

a. removes excess fluid from tissues
b. absorbs lipids from the digestive tract
c. defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances

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8
Q

Antigen-presenting cells can

a. take in foreign antigens
b. process antigens
c. use MHC class II molecules to display the antigens
d. stimulate other immune system cells
e. all of these are correct

A

e. all of these are correct

a. take in foreign antigens
b. process antigens
c. use MHC class II molecules to display the antigens
d. stimulate other immune system cells

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9
Q

During the depolarization phase of action potential in cardiac muscle….

  1. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels are closed
  2. Voltage gated Ca2+ channel start to open
  3. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels are open making the plateau
  4. Ca2+ are not involved during the depolarization phase of action potential in cardiac muscle
A
  1. Voltage gated Ca2+ channel start to open
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10
Q

____ drain blood from the cranial cavity, the anterior head, face and neck and branches from the brachiocephalic vein.

  1. superior mesenteric vein
  2. external jugular vein
  3. internal jugular vein
  4. superior vena cava
A
  1. internal jugular vein
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11
Q

When performing phlebotomy (blood collection), which of the following veins are routinely used?

  1. median cubical, mesentaric, great saphenous
  2. brachial, azygos, ilian
  3. axillary, subclavian, digital
  4. brachial, median cubical, basilica
A
  1. brachial, median cubical, basilica
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12
Q

Which of the following is true of cardiac wall and muscle?

  1. it consists of 3 layers: endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
  2. it contains a sarcoplasmis reticulum, and many mitochondria
  3. it has transverse tubules only
  4. it contains many endoplasmis reticulum and few mitochondria

a. i and ii
b. iii and iv
c. ii and iiii
d. i and iv

A

a. i and ii

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13
Q

The _____ branches from the common carotid artery and continues to become the ___ artery, which continues to become to ___ artery which branches to becomes to radial and ulnar arteries.

  1. brachiocephalis, lateral thoracic, deep brachial
  2. subclavian, axillary, brachial
  3. internal thoracic, suscapular, humeral circomflex
  4. internal carotic, thyrocervical trunk, deep palmar arch
A
  1. subclavian, axillary, brachial
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14
Q

___ separates the L atria/ventricle, ___ separates the R atria/ventricle, ___ allows blood to flow out of the R ventricle, ____ allows blood to flow out of the L ventricle.

A

bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve

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15
Q

Poiseulle’s law determines the flow of blood through a tube (vessel) & is expressed as

  1. Flow = CO x PR
  2. Flow = D x P
  3. Flow = (P1-P2) / R
  4. Flow = NHP - NOP
A
  1. Flow = (P1-P2) / R
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16
Q

The force that stretches the vascular wall is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times the blood pressure. This explains the:

  1. La Place’s Law
  2. Poiseuille’s Law
  3. Vascular Compliance
  4. The law of laminar & turbulent flow
A
  1. La Place’s Law
17
Q

Which of the following are pulse pressure points?

  1. common carotid & superficial temporal arteries
  2. femoral & tibial arteries
  3. external jugular & axillary vein
  4. radial & popliteal vein

a. i & iii
b. ii & iv
c. i & ii
d. iii & iv

A

c. i & ii

18
Q

Lymph is moved through the lymphatic vessel by which of the following mechanism?

  1. contraction of lymphatic vessels & skeletal muscles & thoracic pressure changes
  2. contraction of venous blood vessels & smooth muscles & pelvic pressure changes
  3. contraction of arterial blood vessels & cardiac muscles & abdominal pressure changes
  4. contraction of capillary blood vessels & valve movement & cervical pressure changes
A
  1. contraction of lymphatic vessels & skeletal muscles & thoracic pressure changes
19
Q

Which of the following are arteries in the Circle of Willis?

  1. posterior communicating & cerebral arteries
  2. anterior communicating & cerebral arteries
  3. basilar & vertebral arteries
  4. posterior & anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

a. i & ii
b. ii & iii
c. iii & iv
d. all are right

A

a. i & ii

  1. posterior communicating & cerebral arteries
  2. anterior communicating & cerebral arteries
20
Q

What is true about the heart skeleton??

  1. it consists of a plate of connective tissue between the atria & ventricles
  2. forming the fibrous rings around the atrioventricular & semilunar valves
  3. both 1 & 2 are correct
  4. no such thing
A
  1. both 1 & 2 are correct
  2. it consists of a plate of connective tissue between the atria & ventricles
  3. forming the fibrous rings around the atrioventricular & semilunar valves
21
Q

Costimulation:

  1. are chemicals released by foreign substances that are needed to stimulate B or T cells alone
  2. is a state of unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to a specific antigen
  3. are chemicals released by cytokines that act as secondary signals with MHC II/Ag complex to stimulate B or T cells
  4. Is the action of T and B cells working together to stimulate the complement cascade
A
  1. are chemicals released by cytokines that act as secondary signals with MHC II/Ag complex to stimulate B or T cells
22
Q

Which of the following are ways that the body ensures tolerance?

  1. prevention of the activation of lymphocytes
  2. deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes
  3. activation of regulatory T cells
  4. all of the above
A
  1. all of the above
  2. prevention of the activation of lymphocytes
  3. deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes
  4. activation of regulatory T cells
23
Q

The structure of an antibody includes which of the following?

  1. antigen-binding sites, variable/constant regions, complement-binding, cell binding site
  2. antibody binding sites, constant regions, cell-binding site
  3. variable & constant regions, complement-binding site
  4. continuous double strand of a polypeptide
A
  1. antigen-binding sites, variable/constant regions, complement-binding, cell binding site
24
Q

Which of the following are affects of antibodies?

  1. facilitate phagocytosis & inactive Ag
  2. initiated the release of inflammatory chemicals
  3. activate complement & bind antigen together
  4. all of the above
  5. none of the above
A
  1. all of the above
  2. facilitate phagocytosis & inactive Ag
  3. initiated the release of inflammatory chemicals
  4. activate complement & bind antigen together
25
Q

Which of the following is not associated with the medulla oblongata?

  1. vasomotor center
  2. cardioacceleratory center
  3. cardioinhibitory center
  4. vasodilation center
A
  1. vasodilation center
26
Q

A decrease in blood and/or osmotic pressure will cause which chain of events by the baroreceptors?

  1. stimulate the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary
  2. stimulate the hypothalamus to stimulate the posterior pituitary
  3. antidiuretic hormone release from the posterior pituitary
  4. adrenal cortotropic hormone release from the anterior pituitary

a. i & iii
b. ii & iv
c. ii & iii
d. i & iv

A

c. ii & iii

  1. stimulate the hypothalamus to stimulate the posterior pituitary
  2. antidiuretic hormone release from the posterior pituitary
27
Q

Arteriovenous anastomoses

  1. it allows blood to flow from venules to capillaries
  2. it is a canal btwn the atrias and the ventricles
  3. it allows blood to flow from arteriole to small veins without passing through capillaries
  4. is a canal btwn the aorta and the L ventricle.
A
  1. it allows blood to flow from arteriole to small veins without passing through capillaries
28
Q

Which of the following are types of arteries?

  1. fibrous, muscular, arterioles
  2. elastic, muscular, arterioles
  3. connective, smooth, arterius
  4. simple epithelial, smooth, arterius
A
  1. elastic, muscular, arterioles
29
Q

Different types of veins

A
  1. large vein
  2. medium sized
  3. venule
30
Q

What artery is the only one to branch from the ascending aorta?

A

coronary arteries

31
Q

Which vein is the longest vein in the body?

A

great saphenous vein

32
Q

Which is true to an inflammatory response?

  1. it causes vasodilation, which increases blood flow & the # of phagocytes to the area
  2. it causes increase vascular permeability allowing fibrinogens & compliment to enter the tissue from the blood
  3. fibrinogen is converted to fibrin clotting off the infected area
  4. compliment enhances inflammatory response & attract more phagocytes

a. 1 & 2
b. 3 & 4
c. all of the above
d. none of the above

A

c. all of the above

  1. it causes vasodilation, which increases blood flow & the # of phagocytes to the area
  2. it causes increase vascular permeability allowing fibrinogens & compliment to enter the tissue from the blood
  3. fibrinogen is converted to fibrin clotting off the infected area
  4. compliment enhances inflammatory response & attract more phagocytes
33
Q

___ is a polypeptide release from the ___ of the heart and stimulates the rate or urine production & Na+ loss & causes vasodilation of arteries/veins decrease in blood pressure through a decrease in blood volume.

A

ANH, atria

34
Q

As blood flows from the arteries through the capillaries & veins, the pressure _____ progressively.

  1. increase
  2. decrease
  3. remains constant
  4. fluxuates
A
  1. decrease
35
Q

____ is the period contraction/relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causes blood flow through capillaries to be cyclic.

  1. valve activation
  2. ventricular flow
  3. vasomotion
  4. arterial flow
A
  1. vasomotion

periodic contraction/relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causing blood flow through capillaries to be cyclic

A & P second semester (15 decks)

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