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A & P second semester > Ch. 18 Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

Ch. 18 Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

*** The pituitary gland

  1. develops from the floor of the brain
  2. develops from the roof of the mouth
  3. is stimulated by neurohormones produced in the midbrain
  4. secretes only 3 major hormones
  5. both 1 and 2 are correct
A
  1. both 1 and 2 are correct
  2. develops from the floor of the brain
  3. develops from the roof of the mouth
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2
Q

*** The hypothalamohypophysial portal system

  1. contains one capillary bed
  2. carries hormones from the anterior pituitary to the body
  3. carries hormones from the posterior pituitary to the body
  4. carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
  5. carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary
A
  1. carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
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3
Q

Which of these hormones is NOT secreted into the hypothalamohypophysial portal system?

  1. GHRH
  2. TRH
  3. PIH
  4. GnRH
  5. ACTH
A
  1. ACTH
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4
Q

Which of these stimulates the secretion of ADH?

  1. elevated blood osmolality
  2. decreased blood osmolality
  3. release of hormones from the hypothalamus
  4. ACTH
  5. increased blood pressure
A
  1. elevated blood osmolality
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5
Q

Oxytocin is responsible for

  1. preventing milk release from the mammary glands
  2. preventing goiter
  3. causing contraction of the uterus
  4. maintaining normal calcium levels
  5. increasing the metabolic rate
A
  1. causing contraction of the uterus
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6
Q

Growth hormone

  1. increases the usage of glucose
  2. increases the breakdown of lipids
  3. decreases the synthesis of proteins
  4. decreases the synthesis of glycogen
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. increases the breakdown of lipids
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7
Q

Which of these hormones stimulates somatomedin secretion?

  1. FSH
  2. GH
  3. LH
  4. prolactin
  5. TSH
A
  1. GH
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8
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone

  1. results in giantism if it occurs in children
  2. causes acromegaly in adults
  3. increases the probability that a person will develop diabetes
  4. can lead to severe atherosclerosis
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. all of these are correct
  2. results in giantism if it occurs in children
  3. causes acromegaly in adults
  4. increases the probability that a person will develop diabetes
  5. can lead to severe atherosclerosis
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9
Q

LH and FSH

  1. are produced in the hypothalamus
  2. production is increased by TSH
  3. promote the production of gametes and reproductive hormones
  4. inhibit the production of prolactin
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. promote the production of gametes and reproductive hormones
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10
Q

*** T3 and T4

  1. require iodine for their production
  2. are made from the amino acid tyrosine
  3. are transported in the blood bound to thyroxine-binding globulin
  4. all of these are correct
A
  1. all of these are correct
  2. require iodine for their production
  3. are made from the amino acid tyrosine
  4. are transported in the blood bound to thyroxine-binding globulin
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11
Q

Which of these symptoms is associated with hyposecretion of thyroid hormones?

  1. hypertension
  2. nervousness
  3. diarrhea
  4. weight loss with either normal or increased food intake
  5. decreased metabolic rate
A
  1. decreased metabolic rate
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12
Q

Choose the statement that most accurately predicts the long term effect of exposure to a substance that prevents the active transport of iodide by the thyroid gland.

  1. Large amount of T3 and T4 accumulate within the thyroid follicles, but little is released
  2. The person exhibits hypothyroidism
  3. The anterior pituitary secretes smaller amounts of TSH
  4. The circulating levels of T3 and T4 increase
A
  1. The person exhibits hypothyroidism
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13
Q

*** Calcitonin

  1. is secreted by the parathyroid glands
  2. levels increase when blood calcium levels decrease
  3. causes blood calcium levels to decrease
  4. insufficiency results in weak bones and tetany
A
  1. causes blood calcium levels to decrease
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14
Q

Parathyroid hormone secretion increases in response to

  1. a decrease in blood calcium levels
  2. increased production of parathyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
  3. increased secretion of parathyroid-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
  4. increased secretion of calcitonin
  5. decreased secretion of ACTH
A
  1. a decrease in blood calcium levels
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15
Q

If parathyroid hormone levels increase, which of these conditions is expected?

  1. osteoclast activity increases
  2. calcium absorption from the small intestine is inhibited
  3. calcium reabsorption from the urine is inhibited
  4. less active vit D forms in the kidneys
  5. all of these
A
  1. osteoclast activity increases
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16
Q

The adrenal medulla

  1. produces steroids
  2. secretes cortisol as its major product
  3. decreases its secretions during exercise
  4. forms from a modified portion of the sympathetic division of the ANS
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. forms from a modified portion of the sympathetic division of the ANS
17
Q

In the condition in which a benign tumor results in hypersection of hormones from the adrenal medulla, expected symptoms include

  1. hypotension
  2. bradycardia (slow heart rate)
  3. pallor (decreased blood flow to the skin)
  4. lethargy
  5. hypoglycemia
A
  1. pallor (decreased blood flow to the skin)
18
Q

Which of these is NOT a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex?

  1. aldosterone
  2. androgens
  3. cortisol
  4. epinephrine
A
  1. epinephrine
19
Q

*** If aldosterone secretions increase

  1. blood K levels increase
  2. blood hydrogen levels increase
  3. acidosis results
  4. blood Na levels decrease
  5. blood volume increases
A
  1. blood volume increases
20
Q

*** Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

  1. increase the breakdown of lipids
  2. increase the breakdown of proteins
  3. increase blood glucose levels
  4. decrease inflammation
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. all of these are correct
  2. increase the breakdown of lipids
  3. increase the breakdown of proteins
  4. increase blood glucose levels
  5. decrease inflammation
21
Q

Which of these is (are) expected in Cushing syndrome (hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones)?

  1. loss of hair in women
  2. deposition of adipose tissue in the face, neck, and abdomen
  3. low blood pressure
  4. low blood glucose
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. deposition of adipose tissue in the face, neck, and abdomen
22
Q

Within the pancreas, the pancreatic isleets produce

  1. insulin
  2. glucagon
  3. digestive enzyme
  4. 1 and 2 are correct
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. insulin
  2. glucagon
  3. 1 and 2 are correct
23
Q

Insulin increases

  1. the uptake of glucose by its target tissues
  2. the breakdown of protein
  3. the breakdown of lipids
  4. glycogen breakdown in the liver
A
  1. the uptake of glucose by its target tissues

alpha cells = glucagon
beta = insulin

24
Q

*** Glucagon

  1. primarily affects the liver
  2. causes glycogen to be stored
  3. causes blood glucose levels to decrease
  4. decreases lipid metabolism
  5. performs all of these functions
A
  1. primarily affects the liver

alpha cells = glucagon
beta = insulin

25
Q

When blood glucose levels increase, the secretion of which of these hormones increases?

  1. glucagon
  2. insulin
  3. GH
  4. cortisol
  5. epinephrine
A
  1. insulin
26
Q

If a person who has diabetes mellitus has forgotten to take an insulin injection, the symptoms that may soon appear include

  1. acidosis
  2. hyperglycemia
  3. increased urine production
  4. lethargy and fatigue
  5. all of these are correct
A
  1. all of these are correct
  2. acidosis
  3. hyperglycemia
  4. increased urine production
  5. lethargy and fatigue
27
Q

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the ovaries?

  1. estrogen
  2. progesterone
  3. prolactin
  4. inhibin
  5. relaxin
A
  1. prolactin
28
Q

*** Melatonin

  1. is produced by the posterior pituitary
  2. production increases as day length increases
  3. inhibits the development of the reproductive system
  4. increases GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus
  5. decreases the tendency to sleep
A
  1. inhibits the development of the reproductive system
29
Q

Which of these substances, produced by many body tissues, can promote inflammation, pain, and vasodilation of blood vessels?

  1. endorphins
  2. enkephalins
  3. thymosin
  4. epidermal growth factor
  5. prostaglandins
A
  1. prostaglandins
30
Q

Which of these secretions does NOT decrease with aging of the endocrine system?

  1. GH secretion
  2. melatonin secretion
  3. thyroid hormone secretion
  4. parathyroid hormone secretion
A
  1. parathyroid hormone secretion

A & P second semester (15 decks)

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