Chapter 15 The Special Senses Flashcards
Which of these statements in not true with respect to olfaction?
1) olfactory sensation is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without passing through the thalamus
2) olfactory neurons are replaced about every 2 months
3) the olfactory cortex is involved in the conscious perception of smell
4) the medial olfactory area of the cortex is responsible for visceral and emotional reactions to odors
5) the olfactory cortex is in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
5) the olfactory cortex is in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
Taste cells
1) are found only on the tongue
2) extend through tiny openings called taste buds
3) have no axons but release neurotransmitters when stimulated
4) have axons that extend directly to the taste area of the cerebral cortex
3) have no axons but release neurotransmitters when stimulated
Which of these is NOT one of the basic tastes?
1) spicy
2) salt
3) bitter
4) umami
5) sour
spicy
Which of these types of papillae have no taste buds associated with them?
1) vallate
2) filiform
3) foliate
4) fungiform
filiform
The fibrous tunic of the eye includes
1) conjunctiva
2) sclera
3) choroid
4) iris
5) retina
sclera
The ciliary body
1) contains smooth muscles that attach to the lens by suspensory ligaments
2) produces the vitreous hammer
3) is part of the iris of the eye
1) contains smooth muscles that attach to the lens by suspensory ligaments
The lens normally focuses light onto the
1) optic disc
2) iris
3) macula
4) cornea
5) ciliary body
macula
Given these structures:
1) lens
2) squeous humor
3) vitreous humor
4) cornea
List the order that light entering the eye encounters them?
4, 2, 1, 3
4) cornea
2) squeous humor
1) lens
3) vitreous humor
Contraction of the smooth muscle in the ciliary body causes the
1) lens to flatten
2) pupil to constrict
3) lens to become more spherical
4) pupil to dilate
lens to become more spherical
Given these events:
1) bipolar cells depolarize
2) glutamate release from presynaptic terminals of photoreceptor cells decrease
3) light strikes photoreceptor cells
4) photoreceptor cells are depolarized
5) photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized
Arrange the list, starting with the photoreceptor cells in resting, nonactivated state.
4, 3, 5, 2, 1
4) photoreceptor cells are depolarized
3) light strikes photoreceptor cells
5) photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized
2) glutamate release from presynaptic terminals of photoreceptor cells decrease
1) bipolar cells depolarize
Given these neurons in the retina:
1) bipolar cells
2) ganglionic cells
3) photoreceptor cells
Arrange the list that of cells encountered by light as it enters the eye and travels toward the pigmented layer of retina
2, 1, 3
2) ganglionic cells
1) bipolar cells
3) photoreceptor cells
Which of these photoreceptor cells is NOT correctly matched with it’s function?
1) rods - vision in low light
2) cones - color vision
3) rods - visual acuity
rods - visual acuity
Concerning dark adaptation,
1) the amount of rhodopsin increases
2) the pupils constrict
3) it occurs more rapidly than light adaptation
4) all
1) the amount of rhodopsin increases
In the retina are cones that are most sensitive to a particular color. Given this list of colors:
1) red
2) yellow
3) green
4) blue
Indicate what colors correspond to specific types of cones
1, 3, 4
red, green, blue
Given these areas of the retina:
1) macula
2) fovea centralis
3) optic disc
4) periphery of the retina
Arrange the list according to the density of cones, starting with the area that has the highest density of cones.
2, 1, 4, 3
fovea centralis, macula, periphery of the retina, optic disc
Axons in the optic nerve from the right eye
1) all go to the R occipital lobe
2) all go to the L occipital lobe
3) all go to the thalamus
4) go mostly to the thalamus, but some go to the superior colliculus
4) go mostly to the thalamus, but some go to the superior colliculus
A person with an abnormally powerful focusing system is ____ and uses a ____ to correct his vision.
1) nearsighted, concave lens
2) nearsighted, convex lens
3) farsighted, concave lens
4) farsighted, convex lens
nearsighted, concave
Which of these structures is found within or is part of the external ear?
1) oval window
2) auditory tube
3) ossicle
4) external auditory canal
5) cochlear duct
4) external auditory canal
Given these ear bones:
1) incus
2) malleus
3) stapes
Arrange the list of bones in order from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.
2, 1, 3
malleus, incus, stapes
Given these structures:
1) perilymph
2) endolymph
3) vestibular membrane
4) basilar membrane
List the structures in the order sound waves coming from the outside encounter them in producing sound?
1, 3, 2, 4
1) perilymph
3) vestibular membrane
2) endolymph
4) basilar membrane
The spiral organ is within the
1) cochlear duct
2) scala vestibuli
3) scala tympani
4) vestibule
5) semicircular canals
1) cochlear duct
An increase in the loudness of sound occurs as a result of an increase in the ____ of the sound wave.
1) frequency
2) amplitude
3) resonance
4) 1 and 2
2) amplitude
Interpretation of different sounds is possible because of the ability of the _____ to vibrate at different frequencies and stimulate the _______.
1) vestibular membrane, vestibular nerve
2) vestibular membrane, spiral organ
3) basilar membrane, vestibular nerve
4) basilar membrane, spiral organ
4) basilar membrane, spiral organ
Which structure is a specialized receptor within the utricle?
1) macula
2) crista ampullaris
3) spiral organ
4) cupula
1) macula
Damage to the semicircular canals affects the ability to detect
1) sound
2) the position of the head relative to the ground
3) the movement of the head in all directions
4) all of these
3) the movement of the head in all directions
