Chapter 15 The Special Senses

Question 1

Which of these statements in not true with respect to olfaction?

1) olfactory sensation is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without passing through the thalamus
2) olfactory neurons are replaced about every 2 months
3) the olfactory cortex is involved in the conscious perception of smell
4) the medial olfactory area of the cortex is responsible for visceral and emotional reactions to odors
5) the olfactory cortex is in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

Answer 1

5) the olfactory cortex is in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

Question 2

Taste cells

1) are found only on the tongue
2) extend through tiny openings called taste buds
3) have no axons but release neurotransmitters when stimulated
4) have axons that extend directly to the taste area of the cerebral cortex

Answer 2

3) have no axons but release neurotransmitters when stimulated

Question 3

Which of these is NOT one of the basic tastes?

1) spicy
2) salt
3) bitter
4) umami
5) sour

Answer 3

spicy

Question 4

Which of these types of papillae have no taste buds associated with them?

1) vallate
2) filiform
3) foliate
4) fungiform

Answer 4

filiform

Question 5

The fibrous tunic of the eye includes

1) conjunctiva
2) sclera
3) choroid
4) iris
5) retina

Answer 5

sclera

Question 6

The ciliary body

1) contains smooth muscles that attach to the lens by suspensory ligaments
2) produces the vitreous hammer
3) is part of the iris of the eye

Answer 6

1) contains smooth muscles that attach to the lens by suspensory ligaments

Question 7

The lens normally focuses light onto the

1) optic disc
2) iris
3) macula
4) cornea
5) ciliary body

Answer 7

macula

Question 8

Given these structures:

1) lens
2) squeous humor
3) vitreous humor
4) cornea

List the order that light entering the eye encounters them?

Answer 8

4, 2, 1, 3

4) cornea
2) squeous humor
1) lens
3) vitreous humor

Question 9

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the ciliary body causes the

1) lens to flatten
2) pupil to constrict
3) lens to become more spherical
4) pupil to dilate

Answer 9

lens to become more spherical

Question 10

Given these events:

1) bipolar cells depolarize
2) glutamate release from presynaptic terminals of photoreceptor cells decrease
3) light strikes photoreceptor cells
4) photoreceptor cells are depolarized
5) photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized

Arrange the list, starting with the photoreceptor cells in resting, nonactivated state.

Answer 10

4, 3, 5, 2, 1

4) photoreceptor cells are depolarized
3) light strikes photoreceptor cells
5) photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized
2) glutamate release from presynaptic terminals of photoreceptor cells decrease
1) bipolar cells depolarize

Question 11

Given these neurons in the retina:

1) bipolar cells
2) ganglionic cells
3) photoreceptor cells

Arrange the list that of cells encountered by light as it enters the eye and travels toward the pigmented layer of retina

Answer 11

2, 1, 3

2) ganglionic cells
1) bipolar cells
3) photoreceptor cells

Question 12

Which of these photoreceptor cells is NOT correctly matched with it’s function?

1) rods - vision in low light
2) cones - color vision
3) rods - visual acuity

Answer 12

rods - visual acuity

Question 13

Concerning dark adaptation,

1) the amount of rhodopsin increases
2) the pupils constrict
3) it occurs more rapidly than light adaptation
4) all

Answer 13

1) the amount of rhodopsin increases

Question 14

In the retina are cones that are most sensitive to a particular color. Given this list of colors:

1) red
2) yellow
3) green
4) blue

Indicate what colors correspond to specific types of cones

Answer 14

1, 3, 4

red, green, blue

Question 15

Given these areas of the retina:

1) macula
2) fovea centralis
3) optic disc
4) periphery of the retina

Arrange the list according to the density of cones, starting with the area that has the highest density of cones.

Answer 15

2, 1, 4, 3

fovea centralis, macula, periphery of the retina, optic disc

Question 16

Axons in the optic nerve from the right eye

1) all go to the R occipital lobe
2) all go to the L occipital lobe
3) all go to the thalamus
4) go mostly to the thalamus, but some go to the superior colliculus

Answer 16

4) go mostly to the thalamus, but some go to the superior colliculus

Question 17

A person with an abnormally powerful focusing system is ____ and uses a ____ to correct his vision.

1) nearsighted, concave lens
2) nearsighted, convex lens
3) farsighted, concave lens
4) farsighted, convex lens

Answer 17

nearsighted, concave

Question 18

Which of these structures is found within or is part of the external ear?

1) oval window
2) auditory tube
3) ossicle
4) external auditory canal
5) cochlear duct

Answer 18

4) external auditory canal

Question 19

Given these ear bones:

1) incus
2) malleus
3) stapes

Arrange the list of bones in order from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.

Answer 19

2, 1, 3

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 20

Given these structures:

1) perilymph
2) endolymph
3) vestibular membrane
4) basilar membrane

List the structures in the order sound waves coming from the outside encounter them in producing sound?

Answer 20

1, 3, 2, 4

1) perilymph
3) vestibular membrane
2) endolymph
4) basilar membrane

Question 21

The spiral organ is within the

1) cochlear duct
2) scala vestibuli
3) scala tympani
4) vestibule
5) semicircular canals

Answer 21

1) cochlear duct

Question 22

An increase in the loudness of sound occurs as a result of an increase in the ____ of the sound wave.

1) frequency
2) amplitude
3) resonance
4) 1 and 2

Answer 22

2) amplitude

Question 23

Interpretation of different sounds is possible because of the ability of the _____ to vibrate at different frequencies and stimulate the _______.

1) vestibular membrane, vestibular nerve
2) vestibular membrane, spiral organ
3) basilar membrane, vestibular nerve
4) basilar membrane, spiral organ

Answer 23

4) basilar membrane, spiral organ

Question 24

Which structure is a specialized receptor within the utricle?

1) macula
2) crista ampullaris
3) spiral organ
4) cupula

Answer 24

1) macula

Question 25

Damage to the semicircular canals affects the ability to detect

1) sound
2) the position of the head relative to the ground
3) the movement of the head in all directions
4) all of these

Answer 25

3) the movement of the head in all directions