Chapter 14 Integration of Nervous System Functions Flashcards
Nociceptors respond to:
1) changes in temperature at the site of the receptor
2) compression, bending, or stretching of cells
3) painful mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli
4) light striking a receptor cell
3) painful mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli
Which of these type of sensory receptors respond to pain, itch, tickle, and temperature?
1) Merkel disks
2) Meissner corpuscles
3) Ruffini end organs
4) free nerve endings
5) Pacinian corpuscles
4) free nerve endings
Which of these types of sensory receptors are involved with proprioception?
1) free nerve endings
2) Golgi tendon organs
3) muscle spindles
4) Pacinian corpuscles
5) all of these
5) all of these
The sensory receptors in the dermis and hypodermis responsible for sensing continuous touch or pressure are
1) Merkel disks
2) Meissner corpuscles
3) Ruffini end organs
4) free nerve endings
5) Pacinian corpuscles
3) Ruffini end organs
Decreased sensitivity to a continuued stimulus is called
1) adaptaion
2) projection
3) translation
adaptation
Secondary neurons in the spinothalamic tracts synapse with tertiary neurons in the
1) medualla oblongata
2) thalamus
3) midbrain
thalamus
If the spinothalamic tract on the right side of the spinal cord is severed
1) pain sensations below the damaged area on the right side are eliminated
2) pain sensations below the damaged area on the left side are eliminated
3) temperature sensations are unaffected
4) neither pain sensations nor temperature sensations are affected
2) pain sensations below the damaged area on the left side are eliminated
Fibers of the dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system
1) carry the sensations of 2-point discrimination, proprioception, pressure, and vibration
2) cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata
3) are divided into the fasciculus gracillis and the fasciculus cuneatus in the spinal cord
4) include secondary neurons that exit the medulla and synapse in the thalamus
5) all of these
5) all of these
1) carry the sensations of 2-point discrimination, proprioception, pressure, and vibration
2) cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata
3) are divided into the fasciculus gracillis and the fasciculus cuneatus in the spinal cord
4) include secondary neurons that exit the medulla and synapse in the thalamus
Tertiary neurons in both the spinothalamic tract and the dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system
1) project to the somatic sensory cortex
2) cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata
3) are found in the spinal cord
4) connect to quaternary neurons in the thalamus
5) are part of a descending pathway
1) project to the somatic sensory cortex
Unlike the anterolateral and dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal systems, the spinocerebellar tracts
1) are descending tracts
2) transmit info from the same side of the body as the side of the CNS to which they project
3) carry only pain sensations
4) have 4 neurons in each pathway
2) transmit info from the same side of the body as the side of the CNS to which they project
General sensory inputs (pain, pressure, temperature) to the cerebrum end in the
1) precentral gyrus
2) postcentral gyrus
3) central sulcus
4) corpus collosum
2) postcentral gyrus
Neurons from which area of the body occupy the greatest area of the somatic sensory cortex?
1) foot
2) leg
3) torso
4) arm
5) face
face
A cutaneous nerve to the hand is severed at the elbow. The distal end of the nerve at the elbow is stimulated. The person reports
1) no sensation because the receptors are gone
2) a sensation only in the region of the elbow
3) a sensation “projected” to the hand
4) a vague sensation on the side of the body containing the cut nerve
a sensation “projected” to the hand
Which of these areas of the cerebral cortex is involved in providing the motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movement?
1) primary motor cortex
2) primary somatic sensory cortex
3) prefrontal area
4) premotor area
prefrontal area
Which of these pathways is NOT an ascending sensory pathway?
1) corticospinal tract
2) corticospinal tract
3) doral-column/medial-lemniscal system
4) trigeminothalamic tract
corticospinal tract
The ____ tract innervates the head muscles.
1) corticospinal
2) rubrospinal
3) vestibulospinal
4) corticobulbar
5) dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal
corticobulbar
Most fibers of the corticospinal tract
1) decussate in the medulla oblongata
2) synapse in the pons
3) descend in the rubrospinal tract
4) begin in the cerebellum
1) decussate in the medulla oblongata
A person with a spinal cord injury is suffering from paresis (partial paralysis) in the right lower limb. Which of these pathways is probably involved?
1) left lateral corticospinal tract
2) right lateral corticospinal tract
3) left dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system
4) right dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system
2) right lateral corticospinal tract
Which of these pathways is NOT an indirect pathway?
1) reticulospinal tract
2) corticobulbar tract
3) rubrospinal tract
4) vestibulospinal tract
2) corticobulbar tract
The indirect (extrapyramidal) system is concerned with
1) posture
2) trunk movement
3) proximal limb movement
4) all of these
4) all of these
1) posture
2) trunk movement
3) proximal limb movement
The major effect of the basal nuclei is
1) to act as a comparator for motor coord.
2) to decrease muscle tone and inhibit unwanted muscular activity
3) to affect emotions and emotional responses to odors
4) to modulate pain sensations
to decrease muscle tone and inhibit unwanted muscular activity
Which part of the cerebellum is correctly marched with its function?
1) vestibulocerebellum - planning and learning rapid, complex movements
2) spinocerebellum - comparator function
3) cerebrocerebellum - balance
4) none of these are correct
2) spinocerebellum - comparator function
Given the following events:
1) action potentials from the cerebellum go to the motor cortex and spinal cord
2) action potentials from the motor cortex go to the lower motor neurons and the cerebellum
3) action potentials from proprioceptors go to the cerebellum
Arrange the events in the order they occur in the cerebellar comparator function
2, 3, 1
2) action potentials from the motor cortex go to the lower motor neurons and the cerebellum
3) action potentials from proprioceptors go to the cerebellum
1) action potentials from the cerebellum go to the motor cortex and spinal cord
The brainstem
1) consists to ascending and descending pathways
2) contains cranial nerve nuclei III-X and XII
3) has nuclei and connects that form the reticular activating system
4) has many important reflexes, some of which are necessary for survival
5) has all of these features
5) has all of these features
1) consists to ascending and descending pathways
2) contains cranial nerve nuclei III-X and XII
3) has nuclei and connects that form the reticular activating system
4) has many important reflexes, some of which are necessary for survival
Given these areas of the cerebral cortex:
1) Broca area
2) premotor area
3) primary motor cortex
4) Wernicke area
If a person hears and understands a word and then says the word out loud, in what order are the areas used?
4, 1, 2, 3
The main connection between the R and L hemispheres of the cerebrum is the
1) intermediate mass
2) corpus callosum
3) vermis
4) thalamus
2) corpus callosum
Which of these activities is associated with the L cerebral hemisphere in most people?
1) sensory input from the L side of the body
2) math and speech
3) spatial perception
4) recognition of faces
5) musical ability
math and speech
The limbic system is involved in the control of
1) sleep and wakefulness
2) posture
3) higher intellectual processes
4) emotion, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure
5) hearing
emotion, mood, and sensations of pain & pleasure
Long-term memory involves
1) a change in the cytoskeleton of neurons
2) an increased number of dendritic spines
3) cAMP signaling pathways that increase gene transcription
4) specific protein synthesis
5) all of these are correct
5) all of these are correct
1) a change in the cytoskeleton of neurons
2) an increased number of dendritic spines
3) cAMP signaling pathways that increase gene transcription
4) specific protein synthesis
Concerning long-term memory
1) declarative (explicit) memory involves the development of skills, such as riding a bike
2) procedural (implicit or reflexive) memory involves the retention of facts, such as names, dates, or places
3) much of the declarative (explicit) memory is lost through time
4) declarative (explicit) memory is stored primarily in the cerebellum and premotor area of the cerebrum
5) all of these are correct
3) much of the declarative (explicit) memory is lost through time
