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Neuroscience > Test 4 - Ch. 17 > Flashcards

Test 4 - Ch. 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are we talking about when we say peripheral nervous system?

A

EVERYTHING distal to spinal Nerves

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2
Q

Where are peripheral cell bodies located?

A

dorsal root ganglion

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3
Q

What are the peripheral anterior ramus in charge of?

A

house axons that feed arms and legs in front of me

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4
Q

What are the peripheral posterior ramus in charge of?

A

sensory and autonomic in back of me

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5
Q

What happens with damage to spinal N?

A

dermatome loss

many Mm weak

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6
Q

What happens with damage to peripheral N?

A

Dermatomal loss of Median N supply

Paralyzed motor loss of Mm served by that peripheral N

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7
Q

What is the order of connective tissue wrapping a peripheral axon?

A

axon > endoneurium > perineurium > epineurium

end - right around axon
perineurium - fasciculus - bundle of axons - around N
epi - gathers all fascicles

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8
Q

What group of axons are efferent extrafusal that contract big Mm?

A

A-Alpha

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9
Q

What group of axons are afferent proprioception sensory?

A

1a, 1b, II

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10
Q

What group of axons are afferent exteroception, temperature, visceral receptors?

A

A-Beta

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11
Q

What group of axons are efferent – intrafusal muscle spindle sensitivity

A

A- gamma

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12
Q

What group of axons are afferent – pain, temperature, viscera (Sharp and stinging that alert us to move)

A

A-delta

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13
Q

efferent – presynaptic autonomic axon group

A

B pre gang

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14
Q

afferent – pain, temperature, viscera dull aching, chronic pain axon group

A

A

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15
Q

efferent – postsynaptic autonomic axon group

A

C post gang

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16
Q

Which is the only plexus that has parasympathetic nervous fibers?

A

L4-S4 - sacral

17
Q

One peripheral N gets input from —-?—– spinal N

One spinal N branches out to —?—- peripheral N

A

many

multiple

18
Q

What does A-alpha motor neurons leak a little bit of when m is at rest?

A

ACl

19
Q

What kind of atrophy occurs when peripheral N is cut?

A

atrophy of denervation

20
Q

What is the order of sensory loss with compression

A 
Con
cold
fast
heat
slow
21
Q

What are some autonomic changes with peripheral dysfunction?

A

loss of sweating
loss of shunting
loss of capacitance - orthostatic hypotension

22
Q

What are some motor changes with peripheral dysfunction?

A

paresis
paralysis
atrophy of denervation
fibrillations

23
Q

What are trophic changes after denervation due to?

A

Blood supply changes
Loss of autonomic innervation
Loss of sensation
Loss of movement

24
Q

What are the three classifications of neurozpathesis and describe them.

A 
Mononeuropathy (one)
-ONE NERVE SICK
-UNILATERAL CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
Multiple mononeuropathy (several)
-MULTIPLE SINGLE NERVES
-BILATERAL CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
Polyneuropathy (many)	
-MANY NERVES AFFECTED AT ONCE
-STOCKING AND GLOVE (DIABETES)
-TOES, FEET, ANKLE, LEGS/ FINGERS, HANDS, WRIST AND FOREARM
-MULTIPLE DERMATOMES AND MULTIPLE PERIPHERAL    NN
25
Q

Describe the feeling of traumatic myelinopathy.

A

CROSSING LEGES AND FOOT FALLS ASLEEP – SQUEEZE COMMON FIBULAR N – ISCHEMIC- ALL AXONS FELL ASLEEP
- TEMPORARY ISCHEMIA
- RETURN BLOOD FLOW
- AXON WAKES UP
- PROLONGED ISCHEMIA – MYELIN MAY DIE AROUND IT
IF MYELIN DIES, PROGNOSIS IS NOT AS GOOD

26
Q

Traumatic Axonopathy

A

= peripheral neuropathy

Axon dies and degenerates distal to point of injury.

Prognosis good. Recovery in weeks to months (1” per month).

27
Q

severance

A

Axon and connective tissue tube is cut off, Proximal axon will try to regrow but may not connect to correct tube

prognosis - guarded

28
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

Many nerves sick

Typically symmetric involvement of sensory, motor and autonomic

Stocking and glove neuropathy
-typically develops distally to proximmaly
-diabetic neuropathy the smallest most distal fail to distribute blood
cannot feel stimulus that would otherwise damage – cause of ulcers

Lost of sensory in many nerves (ulnar, median and radial)

29
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Degeneration of Ach receptors on postsynaptic-cleft
Where A-alphas come down
When ACl receptors disappear from neuromuscular jx
Esterase come closer to surface and Acl is eaten up before it can bind to a receptor
Mm contraction starts out strong then fades

30
Q

Botulism

A

Impaired release of Ach from presynaptic - cleft
Inject this into M that is over-active
Causing M to not contract
Ca++ not coming in then Acl will not be outputted
Pt with injury to brain
BS hyperactive
Mm tonically contracted
Inject with Botox – brain is still sending messages but Mm not responding
Stretch and allow ROM to remodel M and brain for norm fx
Typicallly lasts a month

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