Test 3 - Ch. 14

Question 1

Where are cell bodies of UMN located?

Answer 1

cerebral cortex and BS
cerebral cortex - director
BS - laborer

Question 2

What structure sends the message of plan to move to cortex and BS?

Answer 2

BG

Question 3

What are the two places the UMN communicate to?

Answer 3

Axons to BS and SC

Question 4

What are the three tracts of the medial motor tract?

Answer 4

reticulospinal
vestibulospinal
*lateral vestibulospinal
corticospinal

Question 5

reticulospinal tract

Answer 5

Pick stuff up - more in arms
involuntary gross movements
origin of medial BS UMN pathway

Question 6

Vestibulospinal tract- medial

Answer 6

upright against gravity - more in lower body
upper trunk, head and neck
lower degree of voluntary control

Question 7

vestibulospinal tract- lateral

Answer 7

UNILATERAL PROJECTION
axial and lower extremity extensors
rest of Mm up against gravity
lower degree of control

Question 8

Medial corticospinal tract

Answer 8

Voluntary control of neck, shoulder and trunk Mm
project to medial motor pools bilaterally
makes movement functional

Question 9

What are the lateral tracts?

Answer 9

rubrospinal

lateral corticospinal

Question 10

rubrospinal tract

Answer 10

distal extensors
red nucleus-spine
project distally
minor control

Question 11

lateral corticospinal

Answer 11

directly activates distal movements
*** most important 
Fractionated movement 
direct control of LMN
guiding control to BS

Question 12

Describe non-specific motor tracts

Answer 12

descend from BS - lower threshold for all other motor neurons so upper can start lower, increase AP
turned on by activity of limbic

Question 13

Job of corticobrainstem

Answer 13

UMN of cranial Nn

Question 14

Job of cortical motor

Answer 14

med and lat corticospinal homebase

pre-central gyrus of frontal lobe

Question 15

Job of pre-motor area

Answer 15

anticipatory postural control

Question 16

Job of supplementary motor area

Answer 16

plan bimanual and activities that have sequence

Question 17

3 signs of UMN lesions

Answer 17

1. completely cut from LMN - SCI
2. intact but tonically overactive - PD and TBI
3. Cortical UMN damaged, BS okay - stroke

Question 18

paralysis

Answer 18

no movement below injury, UMN still exists but no connection

Question 19

paresis

Answer 19

some UMN cut = weakness

cortical UMN damaged but still connected to BS

Question 20

What happens if a lateral corticospinal tract is damaged?

Answer 20

fractionated movement is lost

Question 21

What happens to spinal reflexes below a cut to an UMN?

Answer 21

get stronger

Question 22

babinski reflex

Answer 22

toes extend instead of flex

UMN cut

Question 23

What is m stretch hyperflexia?

Answer 23

exaggerated reflex response to stretch

occurs when descending connection is missing or reduced

Question 24

“velocity-dependent hypertonia”

Answer 24

increased reaction to quick stretch

norm stim = abnormally large response

Question 25

Clonus

Answer 25

Rhythmic, repeating (usually involuntary) contraction of single muscle group
“velocity-dependent” that repeats itself

Question 26

Clasp-knife

Answer 26

initial resistance then relax

Question 27

What is myoplasticity?

Answer 27

Adaptive change w/in muscle itself
atrophy of disuse
stiffness
contracture

Question 28

Temporary hypotonia

Answer 28

LMN go to sleep w/out UMN input
short time
“spinal shock”
wakes up = hyperactivity because no comm

Question 29

velocity dependent hypertonia

1

Answer 29

"velocity-dependent"
stretch reflex overactive
muscle stretch hyperflexia
"spasticity" = muscle stretch hyperflexia
PD and BG damage

Question 30

velocity independent hypertonia

2

Answer 30

UMN present but abnormally active
PD and TBI
too many signals always
"rigidity"
decorticate
decerebrate

Question 31

activity dependent hypertonia

3

Answer 31

BS active but cortex impaired
only occurs when trying to move
CVA