Chapter 6

Question 1

What is an axosomatic synapse?

Answer 1

Axon is connected to another cell body

Question 2

What is an axodendritic synapse?

Answer 2

axon connected to another cells dendrite

Question 3

What is an axoaxonic synapse?

Answer 3

axon connected to axon of another cell

Question 4

Which two types of synapses can increase/decrease chances of new action potential because connection is before axon hillock?

Answer 4

axodendritic and axosomatic

Question 5

What can an axoaxonic synapse do?

Answer 5

determine amount of neurotransmitter is released because connection is after axon hillock

Question 6

EPSP

Answer 6

Na+, Ca++ into cell, depolarization local, facilitator, excitatory, started (more likely to create AP)

Question 7

IPSP

Answer 7

Cl-, K+ out of cell, local, inhibiter, hyper polarize (less likely to create AP)

Question 8

presynaptic facilitation

Answer 8

enhanced Ca++ influx, more Ca+ = increased neurotransmitters

Question 9

Presynaptic inhibition

Answer 9

reduced Ca+ influx, less Ca+ = decreased neurotransmitters

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

synaptic cleft, excites/inhibit, quick and short

Question 11

neuromodulators

Answer 11

at distance from synaptic cleft, slow and long

Question 12

Which receptor is directly attached to channel?

Answer 12

ligand-gated

Question 13

Which receptor opens gate by binding to receptor?

Answer 13

G-Protein

Question 14

Which receptor binds to an enzyme to create 2nd messenger?

Answer 14

G-Protein 2nd messenger

Question 15

agonist

Answer 15

bind and mimic, mimic to increase, NICOTINE, enhance affect of endogenic ligand

Question 16

Antagonist

Answer 16

bind and block, diminish neurotransmitter that gets out, prevents release

Question 17

Acetylcholine

Answer 17

ligand –> G-Protein, excitatory, depolarizes, PNS–> neuromuscular jx, slow in ANS/CNS

Question 18

Glutamate

Answer 18

excitatory, depolarizes, too much is toxic to brain, Prevalent fast acting in CNS

Question 19

GABA

Answer 19

AA, inhibitory, Most prevalent inhibitor in CNS, Fast GABAa, Slow- GABAb

Question 20

What kind of neurotransmitters are in PNS?

Answer 20

Only excitatory

Question 21

Dopamine

Answer 21

CNS, motor, cognitive, behavioral, pleasure -addiction

Question 22

Norepinephrine

Answer 22

increases awareness of sensory in ANS, sympathetic (fight/flight)

Question 23

serotonin

Answer 23

mood, pain, adjusts arousals

Question 24

histamine

Answer 24

inflammation neurotransmitter

Question 25

endogenous opioid

Answer 25

reduces perception of pain

Question 26

substance p

Answer 26

transmitter/modulator, enhances/reduces pain, chronic pain -substance p is on overdrive

Question 27

Down-regulate

Answer 27

internalize, inactivate - protein in can be in synapse but not used

Question 28

Up-Regulate

Answer 28

externalize - from outside in, activate - unlock gate