Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is an axosomatic synapse?
Axon is connected to another cell body
What is an axodendritic synapse?
axon connected to another cells dendrite
What is an axoaxonic synapse?
axon connected to axon of another cell
Which two types of synapses can increase/decrease chances of new action potential because connection is before axon hillock?
axodendritic and axosomatic
What can an axoaxonic synapse do?
determine amount of neurotransmitter is released because connection is after axon hillock
EPSP
Na+, Ca++ into cell, depolarization local, facilitator, excitatory, started (more likely to create AP)
IPSP
Cl-, K+ out of cell, local, inhibiter, hyper polarize (less likely to create AP)
presynaptic facilitation
enhanced Ca++ influx, more Ca+ = increased neurotransmitters
Presynaptic inhibition
reduced Ca+ influx, less Ca+ = decreased neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters
synaptic cleft, excites/inhibit, quick and short
neuromodulators
at distance from synaptic cleft, slow and long
Which receptor is directly attached to channel?
ligand-gated
Which receptor opens gate by binding to receptor?
G-Protein
Which receptor binds to an enzyme to create 2nd messenger?
G-Protein 2nd messenger
agonist
bind and mimic, mimic to increase, NICOTINE, enhance affect of endogenic ligand
Antagonist
bind and block, diminish neurotransmitter that gets out, prevents release
Acetylcholine
ligand –> G-Protein, excitatory, depolarizes, PNS–> neuromuscular jx, slow in ANS/CNS
Glutamate
excitatory, depolarizes, too much is toxic to brain, Prevalent fast acting in CNS
GABA
AA, inhibitory, Most prevalent inhibitor in CNS, Fast GABAa, Slow- GABAb
What kind of neurotransmitters are in PNS?
Only excitatory
Dopamine
CNS, motor, cognitive, behavioral, pleasure -addiction
Norepinephrine
increases awareness of sensory in ANS, sympathetic (fight/flight)
serotonin
mood, pain, adjusts arousals
histamine
inflammation neurotransmitter
endogenous opioid
reduces perception of pain
substance p
transmitter/modulator, enhances/reduces pain, chronic pain -substance p is on overdrive
Down-regulate
internalize, inactivate - protein in can be in synapse but not used
Up-Regulate
externalize - from outside in, activate - unlock gate
