Final - Ch. 26 - Cerebrum

Question 1

What are some of the cerebrums jobs?

Answer 1

perception - make meaning out of things

moving voluntarily - motor planning and execution

verbal/nonverbal communications

spatial relationships

making decisions
managing emotions
remembering
mind-boy interactions

Question 2

Where are the two thalamus eggs located?

Answer 2

either side of midline a little posterior - sensory

Question 3

What is the significance of the thalamus?

Answer 3

Final synapse for everything entering the cortex

Question 4

In a thalamic lesion where is loss?

Answer 4

opposite everything

Question 5

Everything rostral to BS pattern loss?

Answer 5

contralateral

Question 6

BS pattern of loss?

Answer 6

face same, body opposite

Question 7

internal capsule

Answer 7

contralateral

Question 8

Describe a scenario of lateropulsion

Answer 8

IF DAMAGE IS ON ONE SIDE – RIGTH BRAIN
	INPUT LOSS FROM LEFT INNER EAR
	LOSE PULL OF GRAVITY ON L
	GRAVITY IS PULLING HARDER ON RIGHT
	PT WILL PUSH SELF “BACK-UP BUT ARE ACTUALLY PUSHING THEMSELVES OVER

Question 9

What is the job of the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

regulate visceral homeostasis (temperature, BP))

modulatory part of autonomic system

Question 10

HPA

Answer 10

hypo senses threat to homeostasis –> secretes through pituitary –> facilitates release of cortisol into adrenal gland

LEVEL 4 Antinociception matrix

Question 11

Pituitary tumors lead to what visual field deficit?

Answer 11

bitemporal hemianopsia because pressing on optic chiasm

Question 12

In the cortex, where is WM and GM?

Answer 12

outer - gray

inner - white

Question 13

What are the three directions the white matter bundles go?

Answer 13

up/down - projection from internal capsule

side to side - commissural

front to back - association

Question 14

Where are commissural fibers located and what anatomical landmark does it follow the bottom of?

Answer 14

ventral visual stream

corpus collosum

longitudinal fissure

Question 15

Pattern of loss with damage to internal capsule? Rostral to BS

Answer 15

opposite everything

Question 16

Pattern of loss with damage to cerebrum?

Answer 16

contralateral loss

Question 17

Pattern of loss with damage to BS?

Answer 17

Face ipsi

body contra

Question 18

Where are the BG located? Fx?

Answer 18

forward of midline

M, M sequence, M strength, synergy

Question 19

What shape are the cell bodies of UMN in the cortex?

Answer 19

pyramidal

Question 20

Broad fx of frontal lobe?

Answer 20

executive function and motor control

Question 21

Parietal lobe fx?

Answer 21

body somatosensation

Question 22

temporal lobe fx?

Answer 22

auditory - especially hearing

Question 23

occipital lobe fx?

Answer 23

vision

Question 24

What happens in primary sensory cortex?

Answer 24

I FEEL AND SEE AND HEAR WHAT HAPPENED WHEN BODY MOVED
INTERPRET SENSATIONS
I THINK TO MOVE SAME OR DIFFERENT

Question 25

What are the fxs and S&S of lesions to the primary somatosensory cortical area?

Answer 25

discriminative shape, texture, size

loss of ability to fee and characterize

tactile discrimination

conscious proprioception

Question 26

What are the pathways of primary somatosensation?

Answer 26

All conscious

medial dorsal column

spinothalamic

Question 27

Where does unconscious somatosensation go?

Answer 27

cerebellum

Question 28

Primary auditory cortical area

fx?

lesions cause?

Answer 28

temporal lobe

characterize sound

difficulty in localization of sound

Question 29

primary visual cortical area

fx?

lesions cause?

Answer 29

occipital

characterize, light, dark, shape and location

R damage - L HH
both - cortical blindness

Question 30

Primary vestibular cortical area

Answer 30

R hemisphere
temporal

perception of vertical

pusher

Question 31

agnosia

Answer 31

inability to recognize objects when using specific sense - damage to secondary cortices

Question 32

secondary somatosensory

Answer 32

next to post central gyrus

give meaning to touch

Question 33

secondary visual

Answer 33

perceive and give name

visual agnosia

Dorsal – allows you to visually guide movements towards objects
damage?
optic ataxia – won’t be able to reach with precision you see
Ventral – give a name to what you see
damage?
visual agnosia

Question 34

secondary auditory

Answer 34

is it speech or something else?

deciphers everything else

auditory agnosia

Question 35

Where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 35

frontal lobe just in front of central sulcus, pre central gyrus

Question 36

Where do all corticospinal neurons live?

Answer 36

primary motor cortex

Question 37

Damage to primary motor cortex?

Answer 37

Dorsal – allows you to visually guide movements towards objects
damage?
optic ataxia – won’t be able to reach with precision you see
Ventral – give a name to what you see
damage?
visual agnosia

Question 38

What is fractionated movement?

Answer 38

move any combination at any time

Question 39

Flaccid dysarthria

Answer 39

soft breathy airy – BS injury (LMN)

Question 40

Tight dysarthria

Answer 40

orced tight (UMN)

Question 41

pre-motor cortex

Answer 41

planning core and proximal m movements

creates anticipatory loss of balance

If Damaged
APRAXIA - inability to plan and execute a motor action
INTACT MOTOR AND SENSORY SYSTEMS
ideomotor – cannot create motor plan on demand
ideational – cannot figure out how to do / use object

Question 42

supplementary motor are

Answer 42

Helps to sequence and initiate movements

Damage?
perseveration

Can be mental or physical

stuck on one word

Stuck on one continuous action

Question 43

Broca’s area

Answer 43

Parked right next to face of primary cortex
for 95% of people – Broca’s are is in L hemisphere
Broca’s creates motor plan to say the words I am thinking

Damage?
unable to produce word

Question 44

inferior frontal gyrus - are corresponding to brooks in R hemisphere

Answer 44

@ R hemisphere
95% - paraverbal aspect of speech
pitch, intensity ( how words are delivered)

Damage?
no melody in speech