Final - Ch. 26 - Cerebrum Flashcards
What are some of the cerebrums jobs?
perception - make meaning out of things
moving voluntarily - motor planning and execution
verbal/nonverbal communications
spatial relationships
making decisions
managing emotions
remembering
mind-boy interactions
Where are the two thalamus eggs located?
either side of midline a little posterior - sensory
What is the significance of the thalamus?
Final synapse for everything entering the cortex
In a thalamic lesion where is loss?
opposite everything
Everything rostral to BS pattern loss?
contralateral
BS pattern of loss?
face same, body opposite
internal capsule
contralateral
Describe a scenario of lateropulsion
IF DAMAGE IS ON ONE SIDE – RIGTH BRAIN INPUT LOSS FROM LEFT INNER EAR LOSE PULL OF GRAVITY ON L GRAVITY IS PULLING HARDER ON RIGHT PT WILL PUSH SELF “BACK-UP BUT ARE ACTUALLY PUSHING THEMSELVES OVER
What is the job of the hypothalamus?
regulate visceral homeostasis (temperature, BP))
modulatory part of autonomic system
HPA
hypo senses threat to homeostasis –> secretes through pituitary –> facilitates release of cortisol into adrenal gland
LEVEL 4 Antinociception matrix
Pituitary tumors lead to what visual field deficit?
bitemporal hemianopsia because pressing on optic chiasm
In the cortex, where is WM and GM?
outer - gray
inner - white
What are the three directions the white matter bundles go?
up/down - projection from internal capsule
side to side - commissural
front to back - association
Where are commissural fibers located and what anatomical landmark does it follow the bottom of?
ventral visual stream
corpus collosum
longitudinal fissure
Pattern of loss with damage to internal capsule? Rostral to BS
opposite everything
Pattern of loss with damage to cerebrum?
contralateral loss
Pattern of loss with damage to BS?
Face ipsi
body contra
Where are the BG located? Fx?
forward of midline
M, M sequence, M strength, synergy
What shape are the cell bodies of UMN in the cortex?
pyramidal
Broad fx of frontal lobe?
executive function and motor control
Parietal lobe fx?
body somatosensation
temporal lobe fx?
auditory - especially hearing
occipital lobe fx?
vision
What happens in primary sensory cortex?
I FEEL AND SEE AND HEAR WHAT HAPPENED WHEN BODY MOVED
INTERPRET SENSATIONS
I THINK TO MOVE SAME OR DIFFERENT
What are the fxs and S&S of lesions to the primary somatosensory cortical area?
discriminative shape, texture, size
loss of ability to fee and characterize
tactile discrimination
conscious proprioception
What are the pathways of primary somatosensation?
All conscious
medial dorsal column
spinothalamic
Where does unconscious somatosensation go?
cerebellum
Primary auditory cortical area
fx?
lesions cause?
temporal lobe
characterize sound
difficulty in localization of sound
primary visual cortical area
fx?
lesions cause?
occipital
characterize, light, dark, shape and location
R damage - L HH
both - cortical blindness
Primary vestibular cortical area
R hemisphere
temporal
perception of vertical
pusher
agnosia
inability to recognize objects when using specific sense - damage to secondary cortices
secondary somatosensory
next to post central gyrus
give meaning to touch
secondary visual
perceive and give name
visual agnosia
Dorsal – allows you to visually guide movements towards objects
damage?
optic ataxia – won’t be able to reach with precision you see
Ventral – give a name to what you see
damage?
visual agnosia
secondary auditory
is it speech or something else?
deciphers everything else
auditory agnosia
Where is the primary motor cortex?
frontal lobe just in front of central sulcus, pre central gyrus
Where do all corticospinal neurons live?
primary motor cortex
Damage to primary motor cortex?
Dorsal – allows you to visually guide movements towards objects
damage?
optic ataxia – won’t be able to reach with precision you see
Ventral – give a name to what you see
damage?
visual agnosia
What is fractionated movement?
move any combination at any time
Flaccid dysarthria
soft breathy airy – BS injury (LMN)
Tight dysarthria
orced tight (UMN)
pre-motor cortex
planning core and proximal m movements
creates anticipatory loss of balance
If Damaged
APRAXIA - inability to plan and execute a motor action
INTACT MOTOR AND SENSORY SYSTEMS
ideomotor – cannot create motor plan on demand
ideational – cannot figure out how to do / use object
supplementary motor are
Helps to sequence and initiate movements
Damage?
perseveration
Can be mental or physical
stuck on one word
Stuck on one continuous action
Broca’s area
Parked right next to face of primary cortex
for 95% of people – Broca’s are is in L hemisphere
Broca’s creates motor plan to say the words I am thinking
Damage?
unable to produce word
inferior frontal gyrus - are corresponding to brooks in R hemisphere
@ R hemisphere
95% - paraverbal aspect of speech
pitch, intensity ( how words are delivered)
Damage?
no melody in speech
