Test 4 Flashcards
Who was the first to frame an atomic model based on experimental evidence instead of philosophy?
John Dalton
The number of protons in the nucleus is called what and what is its symbol
Atomic number
Z
What makes up the nucleus and contains almost all of the mass of the atom
Neutrons and protons
How does an electron behave
Like both a wave or particle
What does Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle state?
It is impossible to know both the energy or momentum and the exact position of an electron at the same time
Small positive integers that represent the sub level where electrons have a greater probability of being found is known as what?
Azimuthal quantum numbers
What are the four letters that represent the sub levels where electrons are more likely to be found
Spdf
S goes with which I value?
0
P goes with which I value?
1
D goes with which I value?
2
F goes with which I value?
3
Which Energy level has one S sub level
All of them
What is the maximum number of electrons the P sub level can hold
6
What is the maximum number of electrons the D level can hold
10
What is the maximum number of electrons the F level can hold
14
In_atoms, the number of electrons and protons are exactly equal
Neutral
What states that as electrons fill up a sub level, all orbitals receive one electron with the same spin before they begin to pair up
Hund’s rule
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are known as
Isotopes
A whole number that is equal to the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
__=P+N
Mass number (A)
What is an average that gives more importance to certain values than to others
Weighted average
Also how we determine atomic mass
The electrons in the outer most energy level which are most likely to be involved in chemical bonding and give elements many of their physical properties
Valence electrons
Describe electron dot notation
Dots that represent valence electrons and are placed around the element symbol
If an atom loses an electron, it will have a net positive charge because there will be one less negative charge compared to the positive nuclear charges of the protons
What is it called
Cation
If a neutral atom gains an electron, it will have a net negative charge when compared to the positive nuclear charge of the proton
What is it called
Anion
A particle with a negative charge
Electron
A particle in an atom’s nucleus with a positive charge
Proton
A four dimensional region of space around the nucleus in which as many as two electrons are likely to be found. They make up sub levels
Orbital
A neutral particle in an atoms nucleus
Neutron
The dense central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons. It makes up most of the atoms mass but only a small portion of its volume
Nucleus
Can we identify an atom by the number of protons
Yes
How many electrons does the S sub level hold
Two
Aubau principle
States that the arrangement of electrons in an atom is determined by adding electrons to an atom with a lower atomic number, that is, one with fewer electrons
Is based on the element symbol and includes the atomic number as a leading subscript and the mass number as a leading superscript
Isotopic notation
What takes up the least amount of mass in an atom
Electrons
A charged atom
Ion
Superscript
Main symbol
Subscript
Isotopic notation
A
X
Z
Mass number
Element symbol
Atomic number
How many electrons can the third principal energy level hold
18
