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Chemistry > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two measurable properties common to all matter

A

Volume

Mass

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2
Q

This text divides matter into what two major categories

A

Pure substances

Mixtures

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3
Q

Name the six properties that can be observed without making the material something different

(Physical properties)

A

Color

Shape

Physical state

Odor

Taste

Texture

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4
Q

Density

A

The amount of matter packed into a given volume

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5
Q

Malleability

A

Describes how easily a material can be hammered into shapes

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6
Q

Ductility

A

Describes how easily materials can be drawn into thin wires

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7
Q

Conductivity

A

Describes the ability of a material to transfer heat or electricity between its particles

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8
Q

Name three very ductile metals

A

Copper, aluminum, gold

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9
Q

Name and describe the two types of mixtures

A

Heterogeneous -has two or more distinct regions or phases-Italian dressing

Homogeneous-has only one phase-saltwater

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10
Q

A uniform mixture of solid particles suspended in a liquid or gas. The particles will eventually settle out due to gravity

A

Suspension

HETEROGENEOUS

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11
Q

An element that naturally occurs as an individual atom

A

Monatomic element

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12
Q

Elements whose particles are normally composed of groups of three or more identical atoms

A

Polyatomic elements

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13
Q

When writing chemical symbols the first letter is always_in the second letter is always_

A

Capitalized, lowercase

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14
Q

List the four common physical properties of matter

A

Density, malleability, ductility, conductivity

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15
Q

Give an example of a very malleable metal

A

Gold

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16
Q

A Joule (J) is used to measure what two things

A

Energy and work

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17
Q

A type of mechanical energy which involves energy in motion

A

Kinetic energy

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18
Q

A type of mechanical energy which involves the energy of position

A

Potential energy

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19
Q

Is the Connecticut energy of atom sized particles as they move in random directions

A

Thermal energy

20
Q

_Or_energy involves particles that move in a periodic way like waves

A

Sound or acoustic

21
Q

Occurs when charged particles, electrons, move between atoms causing atoms to form an break bonds with other atoms

A

Chemical energy

22
Q

Occurs when the nucleus of an atom breaks apart or when particles are added to or removed from a nucleus

A

Nuclear energy

23
Q

What does the law of energy conservation say

A

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but can only change from one form to another

24
Q

These reactions give off energy

A

Exothermic

25
Q

These reactions absorb energy

A

Endothermic

26
Q

What is the amount of heat transfer required to change the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C

A

calorie (cal)

27
Q

Is found on food containers

A

Calorie

28
Q

Tk = formula

A

Tk =Tc+273.15°

29
Q

Tf = formula

A

Tf = (1.8•Tc)+32

30
Q

Solids tend to have

A

A fixed volume

A rigid, fixed shape

Are relatively incompressible

Have a low kinetic energy

31
Q

In 3CaBr{2}

What is three

What is the little two

How many calcium

How many bromine

A

three = coefficient

Two = subscript

Three calcium

Six bromine

32
Q

Mg(NO{3}) {2}

How many magnesium

How many nitrogen

How many oxygen

A

Magnesium-one

Nitrogen-two

Oxygen-six

33
Q

What is NaCl

A

Compound

34
Q

What is He

A

Monatomic

35
Q

What is O{2}

A

Diatomic

36
Q

What is S{8}

A

Polyatomic

37
Q

All noble gases are

A

Monatomic

38
Q

How many diatomic elements

A

Seven

39
Q

Pure substances that consist of two or more elements chemically combined are called

A

Compounds

40
Q

Describe energy

A

The ability to do work

41
Q

Six most common types of energy

A

Mechanical

Thermal

Acoustic

Electromagnetic

Chemical

Nuclear

42
Q

Absolute zero

A

The theoretical temperature at which all molecules and atomic movement ceases

43
Q

Entropy

A

The measure of the dispersal of energy

44
Q

Can be measured or observed without changing the actual composition of the material

A

Physical properties

45
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

All natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and the minimum usable energy

Chemistry (32 decks)

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