Test 2 Flashcards
What are the two measurable properties common to all matter
Volume
Mass
This text divides matter into what two major categories
Pure substances
Mixtures
Name the six properties that can be observed without making the material something different
(Physical properties)
Color
Shape
Physical state
Odor
Taste
Texture
Density
The amount of matter packed into a given volume
Malleability
Describes how easily a material can be hammered into shapes
Ductility
Describes how easily materials can be drawn into thin wires
Conductivity
Describes the ability of a material to transfer heat or electricity between its particles
Name three very ductile metals
Copper, aluminum, gold
Name and describe the two types of mixtures
Heterogeneous -has two or more distinct regions or phases-Italian dressing
Homogeneous-has only one phase-saltwater
A uniform mixture of solid particles suspended in a liquid or gas. The particles will eventually settle out due to gravity
Suspension
HETEROGENEOUS
An element that naturally occurs as an individual atom
Monatomic element
Elements whose particles are normally composed of groups of three or more identical atoms
Polyatomic elements
When writing chemical symbols the first letter is always_in the second letter is always_
Capitalized, lowercase
List the four common physical properties of matter
Density, malleability, ductility, conductivity
Give an example of a very malleable metal
Gold
A Joule (J) is used to measure what two things
Energy and work
A type of mechanical energy which involves energy in motion
Kinetic energy
A type of mechanical energy which involves the energy of position
Potential energy
Is the Connecticut energy of atom sized particles as they move in random directions
Thermal energy
_Or_energy involves particles that move in a periodic way like waves
Sound or acoustic
Occurs when charged particles, electrons, move between atoms causing atoms to form an break bonds with other atoms
Chemical energy
Occurs when the nucleus of an atom breaks apart or when particles are added to or removed from a nucleus
Nuclear energy
What does the law of energy conservation say
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but can only change from one form to another
These reactions give off energy
Exothermic
These reactions absorb energy
Endothermic
What is the amount of heat transfer required to change the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C
calorie (cal)
Is found on food containers
Calorie
Tk = formula
Tk =Tc+273.15°
Tf = formula
Tf = (1.8•Tc)+32
Solids tend to have
A fixed volume
A rigid, fixed shape
Are relatively incompressible
Have a low kinetic energy
In 3CaBr{2}
What is three
What is the little two
How many calcium
How many bromine
three = coefficient
Two = subscript
Three calcium
Six bromine
Mg(NO{3}) {2}
How many magnesium
How many nitrogen
How many oxygen
Magnesium-one
Nitrogen-two
Oxygen-six
What is NaCl
Compound
What is He
Monatomic
What is O{2}
Diatomic
What is S{8}
Polyatomic
All noble gases are
Monatomic
How many diatomic elements
Seven
Pure substances that consist of two or more elements chemically combined are called
Compounds
Describe energy
The ability to do work
Six most common types of energy
Mechanical
Thermal
Acoustic
Electromagnetic
Chemical
Nuclear
Absolute zero
The theoretical temperature at which all molecules and atomic movement ceases
Entropy
The measure of the dispersal of energy
Can be measured or observed without changing the actual composition of the material
Physical properties
Second law of thermodynamics
All natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and the minimum usable energy
