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Chemistry > test 15 > Flashcards

test 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

the characteristics flavors and odors of fruits are the results of naturally occurring compounds called

A

esters

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2
Q

how can manufacturers of artificial flavorings or anything else shift the chemical equilibrium

A

continually adding a reactant, removing a product, or both

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3
Q

what 3 major things is ammonia (NH3) used in

A

1- fertilizers
2- cleaning compounds
3- explosives

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4
Q

The industrial preparation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas that uses high temperatures, high pressures, and catalysts.

A

haber process

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5
Q

The equilibrium constant for the dissolving of a slightly soluble salt

A

solubility product constant (Ksp)

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6
Q

irreversible reaction

A

A reaction that proceeds in only one direction to permanently change reactants into products.

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7
Q

A reaction that proceeds in a forward and reverse direction so that products can change back into reactants and an equilibrium can be reached.

A

reversible reaction

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8
Q

what determines how far a reaction will proceed

A

the study of equilibrium

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9
Q

in product favored reactions the equilibrium lies to the ___ side of the chemical equation

A

right

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10
Q

what does it mean if a reaction is reactant favored

A

the concentration of the reactants is higher than the products at the products at equilibrium

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11
Q

how do you use the double arrows to indicate the favorable direction in an equilibrium reaction

A

the longer arrow points towards the more favorable one

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12
Q

when talking about equilibrium constants (or rate laws) square brackets signify

A

concentrations in units of moles per liter

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13
Q

A numerical expression of the ratio of the products to reactants at equilibrium. Each concentration in the expression is raised to the power that matches the substance’s coefficient in the balanced chemical reaction.

A

equilibrium constant (Keq)

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14
Q

what does it mean when the value of Keq is bigger than 1

A

the forward reaction predominates and the concentrations of products (numerator) are greater than the concentrations of the reactants (denominator)

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15
Q

A chemical system at equilibrium in which all the reactants and products are in the same state of matter.

A

homogeneous equilibrium

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16
Q

since heterogeneous equilibrium constants the concentrations of solids and liquids are both defined as one.
what does this tell you?

A

these substances don’t affect equilibrium constants

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17
Q

are aqueous substances included in equilibrium constants

A

yes

18
Q

what does it mean when if the value of an equilibrium constant is much greater than one

A

the reaction proceeds almost to completion as written and equilibrium lies far to the right

19
Q

the lower the Keq the more ___ favored the reaction is

A

reactant

20
Q

the higher the Keq the more ___ favored the reaction i

A

product

21
Q

What states that when a reversible process is disturbed, it will proceed in the direction that relieves the stress

A

Châtelier’s principle

22
Q

What are the stresses that influence equilibrium reactants?

And the haber process

A

Concentration
Pressure
Temperature
Action of a catalyst

23
Q

Some___reactions are affected by changes in pressure

A

Gaseous

24
Q

If there are fewer GAS molecules in the product thAn in the reactants, the forward reaction___the pressure

A

Decreases

25
Q

Increases in temperature will lower the equilibrium constant of___reactions

A

Exothermic

26
Q

Increases in temperature does not favor an___reaction

A

Exothermic

27
Q

The lower the temperature the___ product favored

A

Less

28
Q

Substances that change the rate of a reaction without undergoing any permanent changes themselves

A

Catalyst

29
Q

The addition of a catalyst has no effect on what two things

A

Equilibrium concentrations

The value of Keq

30
Q

Does a catalyst affect favorability

A

No

31
Q

Most natural processes are what kind of a reaction

A

Reversible

32
Q

Know how to write equilibrium constant’s

A

Product/reactant

The coefficient becomes the exponent

Only includes gases and aqueous substances

33
Q

Chemical equilibrium is

A

Dynamic

34
Q

Keq < 1

A

Reactant favored

35
Q

Keq > 1

A

Product favored

36
Q

Concentration of a gas is more affected by___than solids and liquids are

A

Pressure

37
Q

When heat is added to an endothermic reaction it is

A

Forward favored

38
Q

the form a rate law takes

A

rate= k[A]^m[B]^n

39
Q

[A] and [B]

A

the molar concentration of reactants

40
Q

m and n

A

the reaction orders for [A] and [B] respectively

Chemistry (32 decks)

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