Test 14

Question 1

what basic question does thermodynamics answer?

Answer 1

can it react

Question 2

what basic question does kinetics answer?

Answer 2

will it react?

how fast will it react?

Question 3

what studies the rates of reactions and the steps by which they occur?

Answer 3

kinetics

Question 4

thermodynamics relates only to the ________ of a reaction and is therefore path ____

Answer 4

starting and ending

independent

Question 5

kinetics is path

Answer 5

dependent

Question 6

kinetics seeks to determine what happens _____ the start and endpoint of a reaction

Answer 6

between

Question 7

the collision theory states that what three things must happen before a reaction can occur

Answer 7

1- particles must collide before they can react
2- the collision must be properly oriented for the necessary rearrangement of atoms and electrons
3- the collisions must be forceful enough to form products

Question 8

what explains why reactions occur at faster or slower rates, depending on reaction conditions

Answer 8

collision theory

Question 9

the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds is directly related to what

Answer 9

the frequency of effective collisions

Question 10

the energy needed to jump start a reaction. the minimum amount of kinetic energy that must be possessed by the colliding molecules before they can react

Answer 10

activation energy

Question 11

symbol for activation energy

Answer 11

Ea

Question 12

as a rule, the ___ the activation energy is, the faster the reaction will occur

Answer 12

Lower

Question 13

breaking bonds in molecules always requires___

Answer 13

energy

Question 14

A theoretical, unstable, energetic group of reactants that forms as a transitional structure during a chemical reaction.

Answer 14

activated complex

Question 15

The speed at which reactants disappear or products appear in a chemical reaction.

Answer 15

reaction rates

Question 16

what are the 5 most important factors affecting reaction rates

Answer 16

1- nature of reactants
2- concentration
3- temperature
4- surface area
5- presence of catalysts

Question 17

is the effect of concentration on the reaction rate the same for every reaction?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

higher temperatures increase reaction rates in what two ways

Answer 18

by increasing both the number and the force of collisions between reactants

Question 19

a substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed or consumed by the reaction

Answer 19

catalyst

Question 20

what are the only substances shown in a balanced chemical equation

Answer 20

products

reactants

Question 21

does a catalyst effect the concentration of a product

Answer 21

no

Question 22

airborne dust particles can

Answer 22

combust with the force of a bomb

Question 23

in the same phase as the reactants or in solution with a reactant

Answer 23

homogeneous catalyst

Question 24

a naturally occurring protein molecule that acts as a catalyst

Answer 24

enzyme

Question 25

a substance used to reduce a catalyst’s undesirable effects

Answer 25

inhibitor

Question 26

a reaction with a ____ is most likely to occur

Answer 26

small reaction energy

Question 27

rate laws are always based on

Answer 27

the rate-determining step

Question 28

the study of how the human body processes medication

Answer 28

pharmacokinetics

Question 29

how the body spreads out the drug

Answer 29

distribution process

Question 30

the organ that is chiefly responsible for metabolizing drugs

Answer 30

liver

Question 31

organ used to eliminate a drug from the body

Answer 31

kidneys

Question 32

list the 4 processes a drug goes through in the body in order

Answer 32

1- absorption
2- distribution
3- metabolism
4- excretion

Question 33

what are the intermediates in the metabolism process called

Answer 33

metabolites

Question 34

rate= k[A]^3[B]^4

what happens when you double the concentration of A

Answer 34

reaction happens 8x as fast

Question 35

the series of steps that make up a reaction

Answer 35

reaction mechanism

Question 36

two or more possible steps that make up a reaction mechanism

Answer 36

elementary steps

Question 37

the slowest elementary step in the reaction. the one that limits how fast the reaction will occur

Answer 37

rate-determining step

Question 38

The combination of the individual elementary steps of a reaction.

Answer 38

complex reaction

Question 39

A substance formed in one step and consumed in the next step during a complex reaction. It does not appear in the net chemical equation.

Answer 39

intermediates

Question 40

A reaction in which the reactants and products are all in the same phase

Answer 40

homogeneous reaction

Question 41

reaction mechanisms are ____

Answer 41

temperature dependent

Question 42

higher temp = ____ reaction

Answer 42

faster

Question 43

lower temp=____ reaction

Answer 43

slower

Question 44

what indicates how the rate of a reaction is affected by that specific reactant’s concentration.

Answer 44

reaction order

Question 45

the form a rate law takes

Answer 45

rate= k[A]^m[B]^n

Question 46

k

Answer 46

the specific rate constant

Question 47

[A] and [B]

Answer 47

the molar concentration of reactants

Question 48

m and n

Answer 48

the reaction orders for [A] and [B] respectively