Test 3 (Immune System) Flashcards
Study of the physiological defenses by which the body recognizes itself from non self
Immunology
What are the immune functions
- protect against infection by microbes
- Isolate
3.
Cells of the immune system
Leukocytes
What are the types of leukocytes
Neutrophils (most common) Eosinophils basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes
Types of WBC’s
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
What are the 3 types of granulocytes
- Neutrophils 65%
- Eosinophils 2-5%
- basophils .5-1%
First to appear at an infection that will phagocytize bacteria
Neutrophils
Two types of agranulocytes
Lymphocytes (25%
Monocytes 3-8%
How can immune defenses be classified?
Innate
Adaptive
Non-specific immune system
Innate
What defenses are included in innate immunity?
body surface
complement system
phagocytosis
Proteins that become activated when antibodies bond and coplement proteins promote destruction of the target cells
Complement system
Cells involved with Innate Immunity
Granulocytes
What is the sequence for innate immunity
Entry of microbe Vasodilation of infected area Increased capillary permeability Leukocyte invasion Destroy microbe Tissue repair
Process of Inflammation
Barrier break
damaged cells release chemicals that induce blood vessels to dilate
Clotting reactions seal off the infected region
WBC disinfect
Monocytes and macrophages release endogenous pyrogen in response to bacterial molecules
Fever
Induces hypothalamus to increase body temp
Fever
Specific immune system
adaptive
Specific Systematic- travel Has memory Late reponders Repond due to recognition of a specific antigen
Adaptive Immunity
Process through which body fights off antigens via formation of specific antibodies
Clonal selection theory
Determines which types of lymphocytes will need to be produced and in what quantities
Clonal Selection Theory
Steps for adaptive immunity
New antigen
Lymphocyte activated- triggers replication/clone formation to prohibit/prevent infection
2 types of cells produced in Lymphocyte activation
Effector
Memory
What are the classes of adaptive immunity
Antibody-mediated or humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
Involves production of antibodies by B lymphocyte derivatives known as plasms
Humoral
Involves production of T lymphocytes
Cell-mediated
Makes antibodies that bind to specific antigens
B lymphocytes
Carry out cell-mediated immunity
T Lymphocytes
Results from exposure to an antigen
Self-generated immunity
Active immunity
Borrowed immunity
Results from transfer of antibodies
Passive immunity
Tolerance refers to preventing the immune system from attacking the persons own tissues
Autoimmune Disease
Diseases caused by the failure of the immune system to recognize and tolerate self antigens
Autoimmune Disease
Stimulation of B cells that produce antibodies that bind to self-antgens
Autoimmune disease
Diminished B and Cytotoxic T cell function
AIDS
Immune response to environmental antigens damages body itself
Allergy
Enlargement of the lymph nodes
Lymphomas
malignancies that originate in bone marrow
Leukemia
Malignancies of Plasma cells found in bone marrow
Multiple Myeloma
