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Physiology > Test 2 (The Central Nervous System) > Flashcards

Test 2 (The Central Nervous System) Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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2
Q

What are the 3 meninges surrounding the CNS

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

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3
Q

Spaces associated with meninges (superficial to deep)

A 
Epidural space
Dura Mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid space (contains CSF)
Pia mater
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4
Q

Inflammation of the meninges

A

Meningitis

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5
Q

Usually a result of a fall or cerebral aneurysm

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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6
Q

Clear tissue fluid that protects and buoys the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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7
Q

Supplies brain and spinal cord with nutrients collected from the blood and collects waste to be returned to the blood

A

CSF

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8
Q

How often is the volume of CSF replaced throughout the day?

A

4 times

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9
Q

Flows through ventricles of brain, central canal of spinal cord and subarachnoid space

A

CSF

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10
Q

Examples of what the CNS does for you

A 
regulates internal environment
experience emotions
controls movements
be aware of body
engage in thought
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11
Q

Cerebellum, pons, medulla and its the oldest part of the brain

A

Hindbrain

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12
Q

Reticular formation

A

Midbrain

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13
Q

Cerebrium, thalamus and hypothalamus, which contains the brain structures that have most recently evolved

A

Forebrain

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14
Q

Largest and most complex portion of the brain, which is divided into right and left hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

Outer shell of gray matter that covers each hemisphere and has a central core of white matter

A

cerebral cortex

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16
Q

What are the 4 major lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

occipital, temporal, parietal and frontal

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17
Q

Contains the motor cortices/primary motor cortex and decides voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

A

Frontal Lobes

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18
Q

Contains the somatosensory cortices/primary sensory cortex, which controls perception of senses

A

Parietal Lobes

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19
Q

Map showing portion of motor cortex devoted to each body region

A

Motor homunculus

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20
Q

Map showing the amount of sensory cortex devoted to each body region

A

Sensory homunculus

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21
Q

Contains the auditory cortex, which aids in perception and interpretation of auditory information

A

Temporal Lobe

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22
Q

Contains the visual cortex and aids with the perception and interpretation of visual images

A

Occipital lobe

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23
Q

What are 3 techniques used to examine brain function

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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24
Q

Technique that produces a three dimensional image or picture of functional processes in the body and studies brain metabolism

A

Positron Emission Tomography

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25
Q

Protons are charged and spin (use of magnet)

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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26
Q

How long are the cycles of REM?

A

90-120 minutes

27
Q

What are the stages of NREM sleep?

A

Stage 1- stage between wakefulness and sleep
Stage 2- more time is spent n this stage than any other
Stage 3- deep sleep

28
Q

Period when muscles activate (twitching), eyes may open and close, brain activity and heart rate gradually slow down and breathing becomes more regular

A

Stage 1 NREM

29
Q

Period when muscle activity continues to decrease and short bursts of brain activity occur (you can go through this phase several times in a night)

A

Stage 2

30
Q

Period when sleeper is unaware of outside stimuli, very difficult to wake a period in this state and once awake, very difficult to become alert

A

Stage 3

31
Q

Masses of gray matter located deep within the cerebrum

A

Basal nuclei/ basal ganglia

32
Q

What are the primary functions of the basal nuclei/basal ganglia?

A

inhibiting muscle tone throughout the body
Modifying ongoing activity in motor pathways
Release dopamine
Suppressing useless or unwanted patterns of movement

33
Q

Sensory and motor infomration controlled by opposite side as a result of decussation of fibers

A

Contraleteral cerebral lateralization

34
Q

Each hemisphere receives information from both sides of the body through communication via the corpus callosum

A

Contralateral

35
Q

The dominant hemisphere that has language and analytical ability

A

Left hemisphere

36
Q

Hemisphere that has visuospatial and can read maps and patterns

A

Right Hemisphere

37
Q

Coordinates complex fine-motor functions involved in speech

A

Broca’s Area

38
Q

responsible for ability to comprehend language and formulate words

A

Wernicke’s Area

39
Q

Speech is poorly articulated

Understand what is spoken, but have difficulty responding

A

Broca’s Aphasia

40
Q

Speak easily

Can’t understand spoken or written language

A

Wernicke’s Area

41
Q

Group of cerebral nuclei forming a ring around the brain stem

A

Limbic system

42
Q

Center for emotional drives

A

Functions of Limbic System

43
Q

Non-declarative memory

A

memory of simple skills

44
Q

Declarative memory

A

Memory of facts and events

45
Q

Temporal lobes involved in converting short-term memory to long-term memory. SLEEP IS NEEDED FOR THIS

A

Memory consolidation

46
Q

Involved in memory formation

A

Amygdala

47
Q

Loss of cholinergic fibers in hippocampus and cerebral cortex
Accumulation of extracellular proteins called senile plaques
Accumulation of intercellular proteins forming neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s

48
Q

Thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

49
Q 
Body temp
Thirst and urine output
Food intake
Circadian rhythm
Control ANS
A

hypothalamus

50
Q

Critical link between spinal cord and higher brain regions

Oldest/most primitive portion of the brain

A

Brainstem

51
Q

Network of neuron in medulla, pons, midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Reticular Activating System

52
Q

Activated by receipt of sensory information and induces nonspecific arousal to cerebrum

A

RAS

53
Q

Relay between brain and spinal cord and contains nuclei that control basal survival function

A

Medulla oblongata

54
Q

Regulated HR and contractile force

A

Medulla (cardiac center)

55
Q

Regulates respiration

A

respiratory center

56
Q

Controls blood vessel diameter

A

Vasomotor center

57
Q

Planning, initiating and timing motor movements
Maintains proper position of the body in space
plays KEY role i learning skilled motor taks

A

Cerebellum

58
Q

Located in the white matter of the spinal cord

A

Spinal cord tracts

59
Q

Carries information from receptors to the brain to be interpetated

A

Ascending tracts

60
Q

Carries impulses/directions from the brain to the effectors

A

Descending tracts

61
Q

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

A

Peripheral nervous System (PNS)

62
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

63
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A 
Receptor
Afferent/sensory neuron
Integration
Efferent
Effector
64
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

Physiology (13 decks)

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