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Physiology > Review Sheet 2 > Flashcards

Review Sheet 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What types of cells form the myelin sheaths surrounding axons on neurons in the CNS and PNS?

A

Oligodendocytes in CNS

Schwann cells make up PNS

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2
Q

what are spaces between cells called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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3
Q

What type of conduction occurs along the axons of myelinated neurons?

A

Saltatory conduction

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4
Q

What are physical symptoms of MS?

A

slower movement
numbness
vision loss

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5
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A
  • diagnosed early on
  • body doesn’t secrete enough insulin
  • treated with insulin injections
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6
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A
  • diagnosed in adulthood
  • body doesn’t respond to insulin
  • fix by diet and exercise and a low carb diet
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7
Q

Graded potential

A
  • depolarizing or hyperpolarizing
  • amplitude is small
  • amplitude is based from strength of stimulus
  • longer graded potentials
  • refractory period
  • decremental
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8
Q

Action Potential

A
  • depolarizing
  • amplitude is long
  • amplitude is all or none
  • shorter graded potentials
  • no refractory period
  • non-decremental
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9
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

compromised vision

treated by draining fluid and marijuana

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10
Q

What are cataracts?

A
  • cloudy lens

- surgical removal of lens

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11
Q

What is Presbyopia?

A

-when lens loses ability to accommodate

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12
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

degeneration of macular ludea

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13
Q

What is wet MD?

A

-abmornal growth of blood vessels in eye

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14
Q

What is dry MD?

A

accumulation of dusssen in eye

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15
Q

What are the 4 major lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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16
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

motor cortex

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17
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

sensory cortex

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18
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe

A

vision

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19
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe

A

auditory function

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20
Q

What are the 5 components of a reflex arc

A
  1. receptor
  2. Afferent neuron transmits impulse to CNS
  3. Interneuron integration
  4. Motor neuron conducts efferent impulses from integration to efferent organ
  5. Effector -fiber or gland responds
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21
Q

What is the resting potential for a typical neuron?

A

-70

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22
Q

Any potential other than 0

A

polarization

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23
Q

Potential becoming more positive

A

depolarization

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24
Q

Potential returning to resting potential

A

repolarization

25
Q

Potential becoming more negative

A

hydrapolarization

26
Q

Basic function of sympathetic division

A

fight or flight

27
Q

basic function of parasympathetic division

A

rest and digest

28
Q

What are antagonistic hormones

A

hormones that effects counter one another

29
Q

2 pairs ot anatagonistic hormones and their function

A

insulin and glucagon

  • insulin stores fat
  • glucagon represses fat storage

Calcitonin and PTH
-calcitonin lowers blood calcium and PTH raises it

30
Q

Pathway of sound

A 
Pinna
Auditory canal
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Oval window
Chochlea
Hair cells
Auditory nerve
31
Q

What is farsightedness =

A
  • hyperopia ( eye too short)

- closer objects appear blurred

32
Q

What is nearsightedness

A
  • myopia (eye too long)

- image formed in front of retina not on it

33
Q

What are the stages of sleep

A 
NREM
1. between awake and sleep
2. muscle activity continues to decrease (MOST)
3. deep sleep
REM
34
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A

Keeps brain from circulatory system which keeps toxins out

35
Q

What 2 types of cells are essential in forming this barrier?

A

Astrocyte

Endothelial

36
Q

What are the 2 types of equillibrium

A

Static and Dynamic

37
Q

What structures are responsible for maintaining static eq?

A

Saccual and Utricle

38
Q

What structure are responsible for maintaining dynamic?

A

Semicircular canals

39
Q

Feels horizontal movement

A

utricle

40
Q

feels vertical movement

A

saccule

41
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

space between one neuron and another neuron or tissue

42
Q

How do impulses travel from presynaptic neuron to postsynaptic cell?

A

Ca+ channels open
Ca2+ induced exocytosis of synaptic
Neurotransmitter transmits signal across cleft

43
Q

Gigantism

A

hyper secretion of GH during childhood

44
Q

Dwarfism

A

hypo secretion in childhood

45
Q

Acromeglie

A

hyper secretion during adulthood

46
Q

Where are Brocas and Wernickes area?

A

left hemisphere

47
Q

Function of Broca’s area

A

coordinate fine motor functions involved in speech

48
Q

Function of Wernickes area

A

Comprehends language

49
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

speech becomes poorly articulated

50
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

speak easily but cannot understand language

51
Q

What are the protective layers of tissue surround the CNS from DEEP to SUPERFICIAL?

A 
Pia mater
subarachnoid space
arachnoid
subdural (CSF)
dura mater
epidural
52
Q

How are receptor fields measured?

A

2 pt discrimination test

53
Q

What is a tropic hormone

A

Tropic hormones control the secretion of the hormones

54
Q

GnRH

A

tropic hormone

-stimulates follicle stimulating hormone

55
Q

Effects complement each other

A

anatagonistic

56
Q

Systems produce similar effects

A

complementary

57
Q

Systems work together for final goal

A

Cooperative

58
Q

Where does an image travel when it goes through the eye?

A
  • light enters through cornea
  • bends light through pupil
  • adjusted light passes through lens
  • light goes son to retina and light is converted into electrical impulses
  • travels to optic nerve

Physiology (13 decks)

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