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Physiology > Test 3 (Cardiovascular system) > Flashcards

Test 3 (Cardiovascular system) Flashcards

1
Q

What does plasma consist of?

A

90% water
Acts as fluid for transport
7-9% proteins

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2
Q

Erythrocytes

A

RBC

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3
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBC

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4
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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5
Q

Contain no nucleus or organelles and have a disc shape

A

Erythrocytes

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6
Q

Oxygen carrying cell

A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

What removes most of old RBC

A

Spleen

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8
Q

Refers to a below normal O2 carrying capacity of the blood

A

Anemia

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9
Q

What are some causes of anemia?

A 
dietary deficiency
pernicious anemia
blood loss
bone marrow failure
hemolytic anemia
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10
Q

Colorless cell fragments that function for about 10 days

A

platelets

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11
Q

Hormone produced by liver increases number of megakaryocytic and therefore increases platelet production

A

Thrombopoienin

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12
Q

What are the 3 major steps involved in Hemostasis?

A

vascular spasm
formation of platelet plug
Blood clotting

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13
Q

Reduced blood flow through a damaged vessel

A

Vasculr spasm

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14
Q

Platelets aggregate on contact with exposed collagen in damaged wall of the vessel, which then release ADP which causes platelets to become sticky

A

Formation of platelet plug

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15
Q

Mobile units of bodys immune defense system

A

Leukocytes

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16
Q

What are the two circuits of the heart?

A

Pulmonary

Systemic

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17
Q

Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and releases CO2 and picks up O2

A

Pulmonary

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18
Q

Takes blood from left side of the heart to the body.. Releases O2 and picks up CO2

A

Systemic

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19
Q

What are the valves

A

atrioventricular

Semilunar

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20
Q

When are values open?

A

When pressure is greater behind the valve

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21
Q

When do valves close?

A

When pressure is greater in front of the valve

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22
Q

Allow blood to flow from atrium to ventricle only

A

Valves

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23
Q

Prevent valves from reverting during ventricular contraction

A

Chordae tendon attached to papillary muscles

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24
Q

Narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle, which causes heart murmur

A

Aortic stenosis

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25
Q

Defect in ventricular septum, which causes heart murmur

A

VSD

26
Q

Cardiac

A

2 phases: Systole

Diastole

27
Q

What happens in Systole phase?

A

Isovolumetric contraction

Ejection

28
Q

Isovolumetric contaction

A

Ventricles contract but no blood ejected
BP rises above pressure in atria
Atriventricular valves shut

29
Q

Ejection

A

look at pp

30
Q

What happens in Diastole Cycle?

A

Isovolumetric Relaxation
Rapid filling
Atrial contraction

31
Q

Pressure in ventricles drops below arterial pressure
Semilunar valves prevent back flow of blood
No change in ventricular volume

A

Isovolumetric Relaxation

32
Q

Atria fail to contract regularly

A

Atrial fibrillation

33
Q

What are the 3 specialized types of cardiac muscle cells

A

Auto rhythmic cells

Contractile cells

34
Q

Sequence of Electrical Activity of Heart

A 
SA node
AV node
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
Spread to non-conducting ventricular cells through gap junctions
35
Q

Atrial depolarization

A

P wave

36
Q

QRS wave

A

spread of depolarization

37
Q

T wave

A

depolarization of ventricles

38
Q

Provides blood supply to heart during diastole

A

Coronary vessels

39
Q

Chest pain resulting from lack of oxygen to heart

A

angina

40
Q

Caused by a weak left ventricle that is not pumping effectively

A

congestive heart failure

41
Q

Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle each minute

A

cardiac output

42
Q

Force exerted by blood

A

pressure

43
Q

What are determinants of blood flow

A

blood viscosity
vessel length
vessel radius

44
Q

Carry blood away from heart to tissues

A

Arteries

45
Q

Smaller branches of arteries

A

aterioles

46
Q

Smallest of vessels across which all exchanges are made with surrounding cells

A

Capillaries

47
Q

Formed when capillaries rejoin and it returns blood to heart

A

Venules

48
Q

Formed when venues merge

A

Veins

49
Q

Maximal arterial pressure when the heart contracts

A

Systolic pressure (120)

50
Q

Minimum pressure when blood is draining off into vessels downstream

A

Diastolic (70)

51
Q

Average pressure driving blood forward into tissues throughout cardiac cycle

A

Mean arterial pressure

52
Q

Restriciton in blood supply to tissues

A

ischemia

53
Q

Blood pressure above 140/90

A

Hypertension

54
Q

elevated bp due to age and treated with lifestyle modifications

A

Primary hypertension

55
Q

Elevated bp due to preceding cause

A

secondary hypertension

56
Q

Blood pressure below 100/60

A

hypotension

57
Q

What factors enhance venous return

A

driving pressure from cardiac contraction
sympathetically induced vein vasconstricition
skeletal muscle activity

58
Q

clots develop in the veins of lower limbs

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

59
Q

Occurs when the valves in the veins weaken and fail and blood pools in the veins

A

Varicose veins

60
Q

Stretch receptors that sense bp and relay information to the brain

A

baroreceptors

61
Q

Secreted in response to low blood pressure and low blood flow to kidneys

A

Aldosterone

Physiology (13 decks)

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