Test 2 (Autonomic Nervous System)

Question 1

Voluntary

Innervates skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Somatic nervous system

Question 2

Involuntary

Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine/endocrine glands, and adipose tissue

Answer 2

Autonomic nervous system

Question 3

dominates in emergency or stressful situations and promotes responses that prepare body for strenuous physical activity

Answer 3

Sympathetic NS

Question 4

Dominates in quiet, relaxed situations and promotes body-maintenance activities such as digestion

Answer 4

Parasympathetic NS

Question 5

What is the anatomy of ANS

Answer 5

2 neuron chain with a preganlionic fiber and post ganglion fiber

Question 6

Synapses with cell body of second neuron

Answer 6

preganglionic fiber

Question 7

Innervates effector organ

Answer 7

postganglionic fiber

Question 8

Fibers exit the ventral root of spinal cord from T1-L2 and paired bundle of nerve fibers run from the skull superiorly to the coccyx inferiorly

Answer 8

Sympatheric/Thoracolumbar division

Question 9

Ganglia run along the lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies, linking together to form the sympathetic chain

Answer 9

SYmpathetic/Thoracolumbar divison

Question 10

Preganglionic axons enter the sympathetic chain of ganglia just lateral to the spinal cord

Answer 10

Sympathetic chain

Question 11

Axons typically terminate in several visceral effectors and are more widespread than the effects of parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 11

Postganglionic axons

Question 12

Fibers originate in the brain stem and S1-S4 levels of spinal column

Answer 12

Parasympathetic/craniosacral division

Question 13

Fibers synapse in ganglia located next to or within the target structure

Answer 13

Parasympathetic/craniosacral division

Question 14

How are neurons classified?

Answer 14

Based on the neurotransmitters released

Question 15

What releases acetylcholine?

Answer 15

Cholinergic

Question 16

What releases norepinephrine?

Answer 16

Adrenergic

Question 17

Released by all preganglionic fibers

Released by most parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

Answer 17

Cholinergic

Question 18

Released by most sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Has both excitatory and inhibitory effects

Answer 18

Adrenergic

Question 19

Major organ of the sympathetic nervous system that secretes large quantities of epinephrine (adrenaline) and secretes smaller quantities of norepinephrine

Answer 19

Adrenal Medulla

Question 20

Stimulated to secrete by preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Answer 20

Adrenal Medulla

Question 21

Has short cholinergic pre ganglion fibers and long adrenergic postganglionic fibers

Answer 21

Sympathetic

Question 22

Has long cholinergic preganglionic fibers and short cholinergic postganglionic fibers

Answer 22

Parasympathetic

Question 23

Found on postganglionic cell bodies of all autonomic ganglia

Answer 23

Nicotinic receptors (Cholinergic receptor)

Question 24

Found on effector cell membranes

Answer 24

Muscarinic receptors (Cholinergic receptor)

Question 25

receptors that receive norepinephrine and epinephrine

Answer 25

Alpha (NE)

Beta (E)

Question 26

SNS due to epinephrine in the blood or norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves

Answer 26

Adrenergic stimulation

Question 27

How can the adrenergic stimulation stimulate receptors?

Answer 27

Stimulates heart, dilatory muscles of the iris, smooth muscles of many blood vessels

Question 28

How can Adrenergic stimulation inhibit receptors?

Answer 28

Bronchioles in lungs, other blood vessels; inhibits contraction and causes dilation of these structures

Question 29

Why are most visceral organs innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 29

They help maintain homeostasis

Question 30

Effects counter one another

Answer 30

Antagonistic effectors

Question 31

Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation produce similar effects

Answer 31

Complementary effects

Question 32

Systems work together toward common goal

Answer 32

Cooperative effects

Question 33

What organs are innervated by the sympathetic division only?

Answer 33

Adrenal medulla
Arrector pili muscles in skin?
Sweat glands in skin
Most blood vessels