test 3 class notes

Question 1

what is attribution-helplessness theory about

Answer 1

experience something that feels beyond your control

• bad things happening and cannot do anything about them
• an out of control event

Question 2

what is helplessness caused by

Answer 2

due to internal or external causes

internal: feel like it is your fault so brain makes it your fault
external: blaming things on external causes, can be a coping mechanism

Question 3

explain global vs. specific and stable vs. unstable and what they are

Answer 3

they are all perspectives of problems

global = problem is widespread (not just failure on test but failure in life)
specific = isolated to one problem/event

stable = constant (failure radiates through whole life)
unstable = will not linger or happen overtime

Question 4

when does helplessness come the most

Answer 4

when attribution is global and stable

-can be internal or external causes

Question 5

what is the cognitive triad of depression

Answer 5

negative view of self, environment/world and the future

Question 6

what is the self in cognitive triad of depression

Answer 6

perception of self is worthless, you have deficiencies and cannot achieve happiness

Question 7

what is the environment in cognitive triad of depression

Answer 7

think of environment having excessive demands, environment is not fair to them

Question 8

difference between ego dystonic and ego syntonic

Answer 8

dystonic: person feels like behaviors and moods are inconsistent with who they are (depressed, but know they should not be)
syntonic: behaviors and moods make sense to someone, behaviors fit with perceptions of reality (its everyone elses fault)`

Question 9

what is the future in cognitive triad of depression

Answer 9

the future will suck, “even if i take another test i will fail that too”

Question 10

what is plot correceting

Answer 10

trying to switch perspectives of life and the world, working to make them positive

Question 11

what are some more cognitive factors that affect cognitive triad of depression (that add fuel to the fire)

Answer 11

self-evaluation, self-talk, having irrational ideas and beliefs, being pessimistic, over-generalizing, catastrophizing

Question 12

what is self-evaluation

Answer 12

how we view our failures and imperfections, how we view our deficits
-learning what our deficits are

Question 13

what is all or nothing thinking (dichotomous thought)

Answer 13

error in thinking, either positive or negative thinking and no in between
-decisions are complex so breathing them down to right or wrong is not accurate or reasonable

ex. trolley car dilemma

Question 14

suicide world stats?

Answer 14

• one of the leading causes of death in the world (odd because we are usually survival based)
• 1 million people a year globally, 44,000 in US
• there are 650,000 to over a million unsuccessful attempts a year

Question 15

what is an example that shows its hard to tell if it is a suicide or not

Answer 15

ex. car accident

Question 16

what is a parasuicide

Answer 16

unsuccessful attempt at suicide

Question 17

why is suicide not talked about

Answer 17

it is looked down upon so when people do kill themselves it is not talked about

Question 18

explain “suicide contagion”

Answer 18

family member commits suicide, how do you get kids to think this is not a good thing? especially when people memorialize and bury those who die
-suicide can become attractive to people (eulogizing people-saying good things about person), may lead someone to believe that suicide makes everything better

Question 19

is suicide in DSM

Answer 19

no, but it is included in psychopathology

Question 20

can you call it suicide if a kid kills themselves

Answer 20

a debate, do they understand the finality of death? kids do not know what they are doing

Question 21

what are some insurance policies about suicide

Answer 21

if you kill yourself kids will not get your money

Question 22

what do people want to put in the DSM

Answer 22

suicidal behavior disorder, want to expanding definition of suicide

Question 23

what are death seekers

Answer 23

conscious effort to end life

Question 24

what are death intitators

Answer 24

engaging in behaviors to end lives but already think life is ending

Question 25

death initiators vs. euthanization

Answer 25

don't call it euthanization because people do not end others lives for the sake they do find a treatment for whatever is going on

Question 26

what are death ignorers

Answer 26

don't think that death is permanent (has religious routes)

Question 27

what are death darers

Answer 27

ambivalent about death and careless about life (doing stunts, drugs, etc)

Question 28

what is self injury

Answer 28

non-suicidal self injury, in DSM, afflicting wounds on selves without trying to kill self - has to happen 5 times in one year to qualify for diagnosis - similar pattern to OCD (compulsion- act reduces anxiety, but it comes back- loss of control)

Question 29

how often does self injury occur

Answer 29

17% of people engage in these behaviors at least once

Question 30

why is studying suicide hard

Answer 30

suicide committers are dead, so cannot interview (cannot go back in time) - cannot interview families either because trauma - hindsight bias is 20/20 only because it is untestable

Question 31

why is there a stigma with suicide

Answer 31

because it doesn't make sense to us | -we know it should be hard to inflict pain on self (painful and hard, have to be really sad to do it)

Question 32

what is passive suicide and differences between men and women

Answer 32

a lot of suicide is passive, people will take pills and die after pills work -women 3x more likely to commit, but men more likely to be successful because they use more active methods (guns, weapons, etc)

Question 33

explain studies of unsuccessful suicides

Answer 33

we can study these, when we do case studies, average number of attempts is 12

Question 34

what are some mediators of suicide rates

Answer 34

where you are from, religion (some say suicide inhibits you from going to Heaven), gender/sex, social environment and marital status

Question 35

explain relationship status as a mediator of suicide

Answer 35

1/2 of people interviewed who had attempted said they had no friends or were divorced and never married

Question 36

explain racial differences in US over suicide

Answer 36

whites are more likely to kill selves than other races, but not higher than Native Americans (high unemployment, alcohol and drug abuse, and access to weapons) -Puerto Ricans have higher rate than other Hispanics

Question 37

what can trigger a suicide

Answer 37

connected to mental illness and perspective (history of suicidal thoughts/plans) -occurs with current event or condition in life (but the person has been suffering for a really long time before it, event precipitates it but does not justify it, the event is the last straw)

Question 38

what group is at extremely high rates for suicide

Answer 38

veterans are at high risk for suicide - combat stress is extremely traumatic - killing others should not be comfortable

Question 39

what long term stressors are risk factors

Answer 39

natural disaster, ongoing unemployment, serious illnesses, loved one with serious illness -politics and social structure can also incite waves of suicide (dictatorship, economic crashes, etc)

Question 40

what can domestic violence do

Answer 40

lead to suicide - people can be stuck in these situations, also at risk for homicide - anytime our psyche is trapped it can lead to suicide

Question 41

explain stats about drugs and suicide

Answer 41

25% of people who kill selves have drugs in system | -it is hard to kill self and alcohol disinhibits you

Question 42

explain too much depression and suicide

Answer 42

people with depression sometimes feel so low they cannot kill themselves, so anti-depressants can make them kill selves -anti-depressants increase suicide, switched to anti-psychotics to rid of this risk

Question 43

what mental disorders have increased suicide risk

Answer 43

depression, alcoholism, schizophrenia

Question 44

explain how celebrities can affect suicide

Answer 44

when there is a high profile person who commits suicide there is a spike in suicides