chapter 1

Question 1

give some examples as to how mental health has changed

Answer 1

• people were previously place in asylums and looked down on
• used to be blamed on supernatural causes and used to treat this by drilling holes in the back of heads
• imbalance of 4 humors also a cause

Question 2

is mental health caused by nature or nurture

Answer 2

both

-trauma can cause mental health as well

Question 3

explain hysteria in the past

Answer 3

diagnosis given to only women (comes from word uterus)

-believed women were unstable because the uterus was unstable

Question 4

explain abnormality -> psychopathology

Answer 4

• psychopathology used to be called abnormal psych

- terms and use of terms have changed (it is now considered disrespectful to say something is OCD)

Question 5

explain mental disorders on a spectrum and the stipulations of this

Answer 5

normal anxiety——clinical anxiety——–severe

-open to interpretation, no clear diagnosis

Question 6

what is clinical judgement

Answer 6

used to give diagnosis, but there is variance

Question 7

explain how abnormal is a subjective term

Answer 7

abnormal——-?——– normal

when does this crossover? no answer
-the subjectiveness of this makes it complicated

Question 8

what are the four D’s typically used to define abnormal even though it is subjectively defined

Answer 8

1) deviance: difference from average or norms, social norms are not explicitly defined
2) distress: unpleasant and upsetting
3) disfunction: does it get in the way of day to day life
4) danger: harmful behavior

Question 9

how is mental health different than physical health

Answer 9

• people use mental health terms to describe casual things even though it is offensive “i’m depressed right now” (even though they’re not)
• it is considered insulting to tell people to seek mental health, but not for physical health (not insulting to say- you’ve been coughing a lot you should go to the doctor)

Question 10

what is somatogenic perspective

Answer 10

mental health has a physical oriented cause (nature)

-brain chemistry, etc

Question 11

what is psychogenic perspective

Answer 11

mental health has a psychological cause (nurture)

-conflicts, experiences, coping mechanisms that are maladaptive

Question 12

what is maladaptive

Answer 12

behavior that hurts or harms you

Question 13

explain “witchcraft”, an example(s), and how it relates to mental illness

Answer 13

• when theres a group of people you dont want in society you label them as diseased or not as smart so society gets rid of them
• women arent as smart, jewish are diseased, protestors in hong kong jailed
• relates to mental health because it is used in society to say that people are sick, can send them to hospital or give meds… if we deem someone as less and the state has the power to deem what’s normal that is a major problem

Question 14

explain witchcraft with women in US

Answer 14

women grew smarter and threatened men’s position of power so men claimed women are witches and began to kill them

Question 15

what is abnormal psychology

Answer 15

the study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe predict, explain and change abnormal patterns of functioning
-terms have changed (abnormal -> psychopathology)

Question 16

what are norms and culture

Answer 16

norms (society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct) grow into culture (people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, etc)

Question 17

is deviance subjective

Answer 17

yes, depends on society and specific circumstances

Question 18

what are asylums

Answer 18

institution to provide care for mental health patients, eventually became prison like

Question 19

explain how deviance is subjective and an example

Answer 19

deviance is abnormality, different form the norm

• this is powerful and dangerous but it is important which is why it is a problem when the state controls it
• norms can differ depending on the group ex. teens overuse things, obnoxious, dishonest, sneaky, moody… taking teens out of the equation this sounds like a disorder, this is why context is important

Question 20

how is distress subjective

Answer 20

distress is a reaction to something

• some stressors can cause different reactions in different people (jump into action, freeze, run) depends on the environment, genetics, etc
• “stress spectrum”

Question 21

explain disfunction and how it is subjective

Answer 21

• disfunction is if it gets in the way of day to day life
• how does it affect your world and context?
• ex. kid not ADD at home then they are not ADD, something about the context makes them act this way

Question 22

explain danger and its implications

Answer 22

is it harmful?
usually talking about suicidal ideation with plan
also homicidal with plan

-people will want to do things to other people in order to harm themselves “death by cop”

Question 23

what do the 4 d’s mean

Answer 23

usually together they mean mental illness, but you dont necessarily need all 4 things to need help

Question 24

what is self theory (Freud) and how is it different than object relations theory

Answer 24

we are primarily motivated to build ourselves (put self in good positions, learn things, etc)

object relations says we are motivated by building relationships and having people in our life

Question 25

what is the difference between espoused theories and theories in use

Answer 25

espoused theories are what you say

theories in use are how you act / what you do

Question 26

how is systematic desensitization different than exposure therapy

Answer 26

systematic desensitization is a slower, step-by-step process (talk about snakes -> show pictures of snakes, etc)

exposure is immediate exposure to phobia

Question 27

what is transference and an example

Answer 27

client to therapist relations (client transfers image of someone else onto therapist)

ex. “you’re like my uncle”, more drawn to that person, connecting to someone they need or someone they lost (but this can also be negative)

Question 28

what is counter transference

Answer 28

therapist to client relations
-these are very unhealthy because the therapist is also getting something out of the relationship and they’re not supposed to