chapter 1 Flashcards
give some examples as to how mental health has changed
- people were previously place in asylums and looked down on
- used to be blamed on supernatural causes and used to treat this by drilling holes in the back of heads
- imbalance of 4 humors also a cause
is mental health caused by nature or nurture
both
-trauma can cause mental health as well
explain hysteria in the past
diagnosis given to only women (comes from word uterus)
-believed women were unstable because the uterus was unstable
explain abnormality -> psychopathology
- psychopathology used to be called abnormal psych
- terms and use of terms have changed (it is now considered disrespectful to say something is OCD)
explain mental disorders on a spectrum and the stipulations of this
normal anxiety——clinical anxiety——–severe
-open to interpretation, no clear diagnosis
what is clinical judgement
used to give diagnosis, but there is variance
explain how abnormal is a subjective term
abnormal——-?——– normal
when does this crossover? no answer
-the subjectiveness of this makes it complicated
what are the four D’s typically used to define abnormal even though it is subjectively defined
1) deviance: difference from average or norms, social norms are not explicitly defined
2) distress: unpleasant and upsetting
3) disfunction: does it get in the way of day to day life
4) danger: harmful behavior
how is mental health different than physical health
- people use mental health terms to describe casual things even though it is offensive “i’m depressed right now” (even though they’re not)
- it is considered insulting to tell people to seek mental health, but not for physical health (not insulting to say- you’ve been coughing a lot you should go to the doctor)
what is somatogenic perspective
mental health has a physical oriented cause (nature)
-brain chemistry, etc
what is psychogenic perspective
mental health has a psychological cause (nurture)
-conflicts, experiences, coping mechanisms that are maladaptive
what is maladaptive
behavior that hurts or harms you
explain “witchcraft”, an example(s), and how it relates to mental illness
- when theres a group of people you dont want in society you label them as diseased or not as smart so society gets rid of them
- women arent as smart, jewish are diseased, protestors in hong kong jailed
- relates to mental health because it is used in society to say that people are sick, can send them to hospital or give meds… if we deem someone as less and the state has the power to deem what’s normal that is a major problem
explain witchcraft with women in US
women grew smarter and threatened men’s position of power so men claimed women are witches and began to kill them
what is abnormal psychology
the study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe predict, explain and change abnormal patterns of functioning
-terms have changed (abnormal -> psychopathology)
what are norms and culture
norms (society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct) grow into culture (people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, etc)
is deviance subjective
yes, depends on society and specific circumstances
what are asylums
institution to provide care for mental health patients, eventually became prison like
explain how deviance is subjective and an example
deviance is abnormality, different form the norm
- this is powerful and dangerous but it is important which is why it is a problem when the state controls it
- norms can differ depending on the group ex. teens overuse things, obnoxious, dishonest, sneaky, moody… taking teens out of the equation this sounds like a disorder, this is why context is important
how is distress subjective
distress is a reaction to something
- some stressors can cause different reactions in different people (jump into action, freeze, run) depends on the environment, genetics, etc
- “stress spectrum”
explain disfunction and how it is subjective
- disfunction is if it gets in the way of day to day life
- how does it affect your world and context?
- ex. kid not ADD at home then they are not ADD, something about the context makes them act this way
explain danger and its implications
is it harmful?
usually talking about suicidal ideation with plan
also homicidal with plan
-people will want to do things to other people in order to harm themselves “death by cop”
what do the 4 d’s mean
usually together they mean mental illness, but you dont necessarily need all 4 things to need help
what is self theory (Freud) and how is it different than object relations theory
we are primarily motivated to build ourselves (put self in good positions, learn things, etc)
object relations says we are motivated by building relationships and having people in our life
what is the difference between espoused theories and theories in use
espoused theories are what you say
theories in use are how you act / what you do
how is systematic desensitization different than exposure therapy
systematic desensitization is a slower, step-by-step process (talk about snakes -> show pictures of snakes, etc)
exposure is immediate exposure to phobia
what is transference and an example
client to therapist relations (client transfers image of someone else onto therapist)
ex. “you’re like my uncle”, more drawn to that person, connecting to someone they need or someone they lost (but this can also be negative)
what is counter transference
therapist to client relations
-these are very unhealthy because the therapist is also getting something out of the relationship and they’re not supposed to
