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PY205 > schizophrenia > Flashcards

schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychosis

A

(or psychotic episode) break from reality
-realist is subjectively define, but there is some commonality
can occur in all five senses

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2
Q

where can hallucinations exist and examples

A
  • all five senses
    1) auditory: hearing voices in head
    2) visual: see things not there, can be pain or extreme (things not real)
    3) touch: feels like something is there that is not
    4) taste: gustatory, think you are eating/tasting something when you are not
    5) smell: olfactory
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3
Q

so what do hallucinations mean

A

you can essentially live in a fantasy world because hallucinations exist in all senses
-psychosis is intense and believable

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4
Q

what happens in break from reality

A

we cannot respond to environment

-inappropriate and maladaptive responses to environment

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5
Q

what can cause psychosis

A

drug induced/organic or a psychological event (depression, etc)

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6
Q

what are delusions

A

persistent and false beliefs

  • this word is overused in society
  • real ones can be bizarre or non-bizarre
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7
Q

what is psychosis a symptom of

A

schizophrenia (not caused by drugs)

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8
Q

what are some stats about schizophrenia

A

1/100 have it (3.6 million Americans)

  • split evenly between men and women
  • average onset is early 20s (23 for men and 28 for women)
  • there does exist childhood onset
  • decreases life expectancy by 10-20 years
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9
Q

what can schizophrenia do

A
  • renders person incompatible with society (cannot function well in society)
  • hard for family to deal with and expensive (increases risk of suicide and physical illness)
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10
Q

what groups are more at risk for schizophrenia

A

higher rates in lower SES

  • people with it drift down to lower SES neighborhoods because expensive care and cannot hold jobs
  • not because lower SES increases risk
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11
Q

what are the two kinds of symptomology for schizophrenia

A

positive and negative

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12
Q

positive symptomology (pathological excess) for schizophrenia?

A
  • hallucinations, delusions, loose associations (cannot respond the right way)
  • neologism: use of fake words
  • perseveration (keeps repeating concept or words)
  • rhyming/clang associations (going to a random subject but cannot trace back to why)
  • heightened perceptions, senses are being over ran
  • inappropriate affect (observable expressions of emotion)
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13
Q

negative symptomology (limiting function or ability) for schizophrenia?

A
  • alogia: no speech or less speech
  • restricted or flat affect (no emotions, extends to voice)
  • avolition: loss of motivation to do things, extremely depressed
  • social withdrawal (rejected)
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14
Q

what is it about the positive negative symptom distinction

A

it is loose, things can be argued for either side

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15
Q

biological aspect of schizophrenia

A

there are so many genes involved in schizophrenia, very complicated so we are back to the drawing board and there exist many different types of it

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16
Q

actual meaning (words) of schizophrenia

A

split mind

  • lack of ability to make connections or associate things in the world
  • cannot know if things are real or not
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17
Q

what happens when people with schizophrenia are put in fMRI

A

evidence that they are experiencing emotion

-this is a bad finding, shows these people are suffering

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18
Q

what is the third category of symptoms for schizophrenia

A

psychomotor symptomology (involves the body and body movements)

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19
Q

what do the psychomotor symptoms look like for schizophrenia

A

difficulty making movements, awkward movements, faces can freeze in place (may be OCD in nature)
-catatonia: groupings of types of movements

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20
Q

what are the different kinds of catatonia in schizophrenia

A

slupor: person acts drunk, stutters stumbles
rigidity: person stuck in position
waxy flex positioning: can position and move them and they will stay there (do it)
excitement: person is jittery and fast moving

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21
Q

what is the biology etiology of schizophrenia

A

genetics (heritability) and/ or biochemical neural network (predisposition)

  • there are strong genetic ties that lead to schizophrenia
  • potentially 281 genes involved
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22
Q

what is the dopamine hypothesis

A

theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine

23
Q

how was the dopamine hypothesis developes

A

antihistamine story with parkinsons disease, increasing dopamine made these people better so why not do the opposite for schizophrenia

24
Q

what did the dopamine hypothesis lead to

A

development of antipsychotic drugs

25
Q

what are antispsychotic drugs

A

drugs that help current distorted thinking

26
Q

what are phenothazines

A

group of antihistamine drugs that became first group of anti psychotic meds

  • did not work for everyone
  • did not work for everyone at same rate, so gave some people more of the drug than others, they eventually developed parkinsons and symptoms of it (tardive dyskinesia)
27
Q

what is the psychodynamic theory of schizophrenia

A

parents that instill poor coping mechanisms can lead to development

  • can cause schizophrenia
  • a prior belief was schizophrenogenic mother
28
Q

what is a schizophrenogenic mother

A

type of mother (cold, domineering and uninterested in needs of her children) who was once thought to cause schizophrenia in her child

29
Q

explain the course of schizophrenia

A

prodromal / early symptomology: gradual increase of positive symptoms, weird behavior

active: combo of positive and negative symptoms

residual: symptoms decrease overtime and becomes episodic
- 75% stay in residual phase (becomes part of character)
- 25% recover completely

30
Q

what is the typical duration of schizophrenia (draw on paper too)

A

usually 6 months but can be much longer

31
Q

what could the residual effect imply

A

a biological difference between people

32
Q

difference between bizarre and non-bizarre delusions

A

non-bizarre: possible, but not real
bizarre: impossible based on common reality

both are resistant to information

33
Q

what are the themes of delusions

A

persecution, reference, grandeur, and control

34
Q

explain persecution theme of delusions

A

everyone against you in general

-resistance to evidence on the contrary

35
Q

explain reference themes of delusions

A

think things are in reference to us but are actually not

  • thinking there are signs for you in billboards
  • not religion, religion is more interpretation
36
Q

explain grandeur themes of delusions

A

thinking there are really important things going on and they are connected to you
-you have power, connections and abilities you do not have

37
Q

explain control themes of delusions

A

think you have control over things you do not

38
Q

difference between delusions and hallucinations

A

hallucinations in 5 senses (Not real but experience it like it is) delusions are beliefs in something

39
Q

what does it mean if you have a full recovery from schizophrenia

A

it probably developed from stress

40
Q

two types of schizophrenia

A

type 1 and type 2

41
Q

what is type 1 of schizophrenia

A

dominated by positive symptomology

  • pathological excess
  • when it is dominated by positive, it tends to have a better prognosis (better survival chances)
  • 80-85% of cases
42
Q

what is type 2 of schizophrenia

A

-dominated by negative symptoms

43
Q

what is the evidence there are different kinds of schizophrenia

A
  • based on different drug treatment success

- dopamine hypothesis

44
Q

what is brief psychotic disorder

A

brief episode of psychosis

  • delusions, confusion, hallucinations,
  • not drug induced
  • happens in 20s to 30s
  • could be postpartum induced (society shames you for this) or caused by trauma
45
Q

why is it good that brief psychotic disorder exists

A

because symptoms do not always have to be diagnosed as schizophrenia

46
Q

what is schizophreniform disorder

A

“hypo” schizophrenia

  • not as severe as actual schizophrenia
  • low level, does not meet time requirements and tends to be not as extreme
47
Q

what is schizoaffective disorder

A
  • has to deal with emotion/mood
  • combo of schizophrenia with mood disorder
  • these two things do not cause one another (independently operating)
48
Q

what is delusional disorder

A
  • disorder dominated by delusions
  • persecution, reference, etc
  • cause clinically significant impairment
49
Q

what are somatic delusions

A

person is preoccupied with body (around diseases and disorders)

ex. certain soap chemicals age your body
ex. ear is going to fall of

50
Q

what is nihilism delusion

A

when you believe everyone is non-existent

  • in a dream, we’re in the matrix
  • people will do impulsive things with no restraint, because do not think they are there
51
Q

what is thought broadcasting delusion

A

when you think you can broadcast your thoughts and other people can hear and respond
-also can feel like people can hear your thoughts and you do not have control over them (can cause anxiety and withdrawal)

52
Q

what is thought insertion delusion

A

you believe that people are inserting thoughts into your head

53
Q

what is Folie a deux

A

-shared paranoia or psychotic disorder
“insanity of two”
-weird revision of contagion

ex. husband has delusion wife is cheating (when she is not), wide eventually believes she is too and gets her own delusions

PY205 (13 decks)

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