chapter 3

Question 1

what two things can trauma come from

Answer 1

-big event of a build up of little events

Question 2

what does every disorder have

Answer 2

anxiety and depression

Question 3

what does diathesis mean and explain the stress diathesis model

Answer 3

(diathesis means genetic predisposition) sometimes called the stress diathesis resiliency model

diathesis (genetic, predisposition) stress (stress factors environment) -> help (support system, coping skills) -+> less chance of mental illness but - - > higher chance of mental illness

• event can also occur between help and outcomes
• things in environment can impact diathesis and vice versa
• we need other humans to cope
• • diathesis, stress factors and help system give you a lesser chance of mental illness, and the opposite is true for negative

Question 4

what is the psychoanalytic model

Answer 4

iceberg model, what is seen and known is above water and under water is unconscious things that influence who we are and how we act

Question 5

what is the Thanatos Principle

Answer 5

just as we have a life instinct (do anything to survive) we have a death instinct (we are aware that we will not be here forever)

• conflict where we preserve life, but know we’re not immortal and this conflict drives us
• theory developed by Freud
• also known as “dual instinct”

Question 6

what exists in the unconscious area in the psychoanalytic model

Answer 6

1) superego: conscience (moral principles)
2) ego: logical (has defense mechanisms)
3) Id: strong impulses

Question 7

give an example of id, ego and superego when buying something on amazon

Answer 7

id: i want it!
ego: you dont need it, save your money
superego: there are children starving, spend your money on them

Question 8

what are the ego defense mechanisms by Freud

Answer 8

repression, denial, projection, rationalization, displacement, intellectualization, regression

Question 9

what is denial

Answer 9

• refuse to acknowledge outside source of anxiety
• most effective defense mechanism because “nothing happened, nothing to see here”, also most destructive because you erase what’s going on in brain which will result in other problems (physical pain, stomach pain, etc)
• when cures for physical pain dont work doctors send patients to therapy because nothing biological exists
• ex. abusive relationship, substance abuse

Question 10

what is sublimation

Answer 10

channeling negative impulses into positive accepted behavior

Question 11

what is projections

Answer 11

attribute unacceptable thing to someone else

ex. you’re mad at someone but act like they’re mad at you

Question 12

what is repression

Answer 12

prevents unacceptable impulses from reaching consciousness even though they keep coming back, avoid anxiety or sadness

Question 13

what is rationalization

Answer 13

find a socially accepted reason for behavior that has unacceptable motives

Question 14

what is cognitive psychology

Answer 14

everything is a thought, have to correct thoughts and everything will be okay (before everything comes a thought)

Question 15

what is behavioral psychology

Answer 15

everything is conditioning from the environment, no thought

Question 16

what happened to cognitive and behavioral psychology

Answer 16

both of them were wrong/incomplete, so combined to cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 17

explain the humanistic existential theory

Answer 17

builds on cognitive behavioral theory
-humans are more than thoughts and behaviors, looks at how people approach life, the value they put on it and life’s meaning

Question 18

difference between humanists and existentialists

Answer 18

humanists believe humans are naturally cooperative and friendly
existentialists believe humans have total freedom to give meaning to life or not (existential means choices, anything is possible, understanding life)

Question 19

explain unconditional positive regard in humanistic existential theory

Answer 19

unconditional positive regard (full warmth and acceptance, no matter what they do we love them) makes people more likely to recognize worth as people

• we take this for granted (get it from family, then partner, then give to family)
• we need this to grow and develop
• without it: insecure and lack of autonomy

Question 20

what is displacement

Answer 20

take unacceptable behavior and take it out on someone else that it’s safe to take it out on (mad at boss, but take it out on spouse)

Question 21

what is regression

Answer 21

in situation where you can’t express feelings so you regress to earlier developmental stage (throw temper tantrum or cry)
-sometimes when you do this it works (you get what you want), form of conditioning, eventually do this consciously

Question 22

what is intellectualizaiton

Answer 22

take something important to us and apply rational thought or logic to it
-someone has cancer “well everyone dies eventually”

Question 23

are ego defense mechanisms okay

Answer 23

to a degree, they exist on a spectrum

Question 24

what is catharsis

Answer 24

get people to talk about the root of what’s upsetting them and see if it makes them feel better
-used to believe this worked, but studies are showing opposite

Question 25

what is existential therapy

Answer 25

based on philosophy we have to accept who we are

• responsible for our lives
  humanists: all humans are good
  existentialists: we are responsible for our actions
• client centered therapy

Question 26

what is self actualizing in existential therapy

Answer 26

if we do client therapy and build on what they have as strengths
-solution focused, take what they have and make something out of it

Question 27

what is positive psychology

Answer 27

recognizes we are all flawed and can succumb to anything, so it focuses on the positive
-encourages people to find meaning of life and take responsibility for it

Question 28

why is deliberation better than debate in psychology

Answer 28

• arguments are now mostly debates
• deliberation is finding compromise, seeing the other side, compassion, etc
• no political leaders in our country do this

Question 29

what do the biopsychosocial and the developmental psychology models do

Answer 29

recognizes all the models need to be integrated and meet the client where they’re at
-cannot just use one model, humans are complicated

Question 30

what did the biopsychosocial model used to entail

Answer 30

8 page questionnaire, asks clients about their entire history, used to be required by insurance companies

Question 31

what is developmental psychology

Answer 31

mental health isnt a germ (not a medical model)

• doesnt just happen, it builds overtime and reaches a tipping point
• things are woven into us through the entire duration of our lives

Question 32

what is Gestalt psychology

Answer 32

helping person see themselves as a wholisitc person (accept who they are)
-role playing and self-discovery activities

Question 33

what are some other types of therapy

Answer 33

family, couples, and community treatment (broader than group therapy), group

Question 34

what is an important word in therapy

Answer 34

multiculturalism