Test 1 Chapter 3 Words in Book Flashcards
what are the models of abnormality
biological, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanisitc, existential, family-social and multicultural
what is the biopsychosocial theory
attributes cause of abnormality to an interaction of genetic, biological, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social and societal influences
what is developmental psychopathology
uses developmental framework to understand how variables and principles from the various models may collectively account for human functioning
what is the difference between equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology
equifinality: a number of different development pathways can lead to the same psychological disorder
multifinality: persons with a similar developmental history may nevertheless react to similar current situations in different ways
culture-sensitive therapies
appraoches that are designed to help address the unique issues faced by members of cultural minority groups
what are gender-sensitive therapies
approaches geared to the pressures of being a woman in western society
couple therapy
therapy in which the therapist works with two people who share a long-term relationship
what is community mental health treatment
treatment approach that emphasizes community care
-allows clients to receive treatment in familiar social surroundings
multicultural perspective
view that each culture within a larger society has a particular set of values and beliefs, as well as special external pressures, that help account for the behavior and functioning of its members
what is family therapy
therapy format in which the therapist meets with all members of a family and helps them change in therapeutic ways
what is self-group help
group made of people with similar problems who help and support one another without the direct leadership of a clinician
what is family systems therapy
views the family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and unstated rules
-each family holds own rules and patterns that shape behavior
what is group therapy
therapy format in which a group of people with similar problems meet together with a therapist to work on those problems
what is existential therapy
encourages clients to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and value
what is gestalt therapy
humanistic therapy developed in which clinicians actively move clients towards self recognition and self acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self discovery exercises
self-actualization
humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth
what is client centered therapy
humanistic theory in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness
exposure therapy
behavior focused intervention in which fearful people are repeatedly exposed to the objects or situations they dread
classical conditioning
process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person’s mind and produce the same response
modeling
process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitating others
operant conditioning
process of learning in which individuals come to behave in certain ways as a result of experiencing consequences of one kind or another whenever they perform the behavior
define conditoning
a simple form of learning
catharsis
reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems
resistance
unconscious refusal to participate in therapy
free association
psychodynamic technique in which the patient describes any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind even if it seems unimportant
object relations theory
psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior
ego defense mechanisms
strategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse
hormones
chemicals released by endocrine glands into bloodstream
model
set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations
what are the models of abnormality
1) biological: sees physical processes as key to human behavior
2) psychodynamic: looks at people’s unconscious internal processes and conflicts
3) cognitive-behavioral: emphasizes behavior, the way it is learned and the thinking behind it
4) humanistic-existential: stresses role of values and choices
5) sociocultural: looks to social and cultural forces as keys to functioning (family social perspective and multicultural perspective)
