Test 3: Chronic Pain Flashcards
What are the two types of pain?
Acute and chronic
Acute pain is caused by an _________________process,
and usually can be treated directly if not ending with the
healing of the injury itself
Nociceptive (sensory nerve)
Chronic pain is defined as any pain lasting ___ months or more. The pain is more complex and can be difficult to determine the cause
3
Pain that arises in the nervous system is called?
Neurogenic
Pain that has an unknown cause is called?
Idiopathic
Chronic pain is often _____, and worsens with time
Progressive
What are the two types of chronic pain?
Neurogenic and idiopathic
Chronic pain has a _______________ factor, making management more difficult
Psychological
With chronic pain, it is hard to find ________________ cause, making treatment
complicated
Physiological
Treatment of chronic pain should be ______
interdisciplinary
Chronic pain is often ________________________, rather than a symptom of the disease
The disease itself
Pain’s estimated cost of medical care is ______ per
year!!! • More then cost of heart disease, diabetes, cancer combined!!!
$560-626 BILLION
Different types of chronic Pain Diagnoses
- Low Back Pain
- Headaches/Migraines
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Fibromyalgia
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
- CRPS
- And Many more
OTs role in pain • Inform patient of the neurophysiology behind pain response • Clarify your treatment expectations • Patient participation
Yep
OTs Role in pain
• Increase function without ______________ pain
• Facilitating patient goals
• Return to roles and address performance deficits and
ADL’s
Increasing
OTs Role in pain • Returning to “__________” patterns of performance • Acknowledge the pain and listen!!! KEY!!
normal
OTs role in pain • Inform patient of the \_\_\_\_\_\_ behind pain response • Clarify your treatment expectations • Patient participation
neurophysiology
OT Interventions for pain
- Proactive Pain Control • Proactive Problem Solving
- Pacing Activities
- Communication Skills • Neuromuscular Reeducation
- Biofeedback
- Muscle Relaxation Training
- Pain Journal • Patient Feedback
• Psychologically they have become __________________ to their pain, so
changes need to be made slowly, and in a well educated
and understandable manner
Habituated
• Pain can lead to a _______________including increased
Psychological distress
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• _____ – Scientific method, emphasize the client’s ability to apply reasoning to their situation
Empiricism
• Gate Control Theory • Theory linking \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with pain d • Open gate = • Closed gate =
psychological
• Pain transmissions determined by the “gate” (___ ___) being open or close
dorsal horn
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• ________________ – Client’s perspective about their problems
Introspective
Guided Ergonomics
- Proper posture
- Body Mechanics
- Identify risk factors
- Energy-conservation techniques
- Pacing of activities
• Coping =
“Ongoing cognitive and behavioral efforts” • Struggling to win the fight with pain
• Acceptance not only decreases pain perception, but also _____ while increasing function
depression
• Gate Control Theory • Theory linking \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with pain d • Open gate = • Closed gate =
psychological
- Active/ adaptive vs. Negative coping for dealing with pain
* Passive =
use of dissociation, avoidance, and self-medication. These techniques are maladaptive and prevent the client from breaking apart the link between stimuli and response. They are more effective in the short-term, but actually worsen the condition long-terk
Guided Imagery • Create images associated with ______________ and are
pleasant
• Gate control mechanism
• Helps to reduce stressful situation’s outcome
• Active involvement of the client
Relaxation
• Gate Control Theory
Open=
Small (pain) nerve fibers synapse with projections cells to send signals to the brain
• Gate Control Theory
Closed=
Large (normal) nerve fibers synapse with projection cells to block pain signals to the brain.
• ______________ negative coping strategies
Eliminate
• Positive coping strategies have been shown to improve pain tolerance, reduce intensity and improve function
Yep
Acceptance
• Acceptance =
• Acceptance is not as simple as just making a mental
decision, it’s living life with satisfaction
A person’s assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or condition (often a negative or uncomfortable situation) without attempting to change it or protest it.
