Test 2: Sensorimotor system

Question 1

4 processes of information flow to control movement, what are they?

Answer 1

motivation, ideation, programming, execution

Question 2

• The shortcoming of traditional sensorimotor approaches

Answer 2

They do not include the volitional intent or motivation to perform a motor act

Question 3

Motor relearning program should be ____ oriented & tied to an _____ or task when possible

Answer 3

cognitively

occupational goal

Question 4

Interventions occur on a with the therapist providing ____ so that voluntary motor control is achieved.

Answer 4

continuum

less and less external sensory stimulation

Question 5

Brunnstrom or movement therapy approach has a ___ background

• Designed approach for
• Original Approach: Facilitates recovery through the progression of reflexive to volitional movement

Answer 5

PT

Question 6

Brunnstrom or movement therapy approach was originally designed for ____

Answer 6

CVA recovery

Question 7

Original Brunnstrom Approach: Facilitates recovery through the progression of

Answer 7

reflexive to volitional movement

Question 8

Brunnstrom’s approach is not typically used in practice today secondary to fear of

Answer 8

reinforcing abnormal movement patterns

Question 9

Brunnstrom’s approach (original; not used in therapy today) Apply resistance on one side of the body to ______ Note: The current understanding is that reflexive movements are NOT precursors to active, functional motor performance

Answer 9

increase muscle tone on the opposite side  thereby creating a reflexive movement response or associated movement •

Question 10

Brunnstrom’s revised approach
• Instead of focus on reflexive movements, it emphasizes use of _____• Willed movement is utilized to gain control over synergistic movement patterns • Functional, repetitive use of movement from everyday activities is utilized to increase voluntary movement of the affected limb.

Answer 10

attention to movement

Question 11

Margaret Rood promoted the use of _____ to promote changes in muscle tone

Answer 11

developmental postures

Question 12

Shortcomings of Margaret Rood’s approach: •

Answer 12

Passive nature of sensory stimulation • Effects may be short-lasting and unpredictable

Question 13

Deep pressure to tendon’s insertion can elicit an _____ effect on muscle tone

Answer 13

inhibitory (decreased

Question 14

PNF is based on mass movement patterns that are ____ and ___

Answer 14

“spiral” and “diagonal”

Question 15

The growth of motor behavior has ____ trends, as evidenced by shifts between flexor and extensor dominance •

Answer 15

cyclic

Question 16

Normal motor development has an orderly sequence by lacks a _____ quality.

Answer 16

step-by step

Question 17

PNF progression

Answer 17

start at Head/Neck => Upper trunk => UE’s => Lower Trunk => LE’s • Watch how patient moves with functional activities, place in positions and see if can maintain, compensatory movements?

Question 18

• D1 Flexion

Answer 18

• Scapula Anterior Elevation, abduction and rotation • Shoulder flexion, adduction and external rotation • Elbow flexion/extension, forearm supination, wrist flexed and radially deviated • Fingers flexed and adducted, thumb adduction

Question 19

• D1 Extension

Answer 19

• Scapula posterior depression, adduction and rotation • Shoulder extension, abduction and internal rotation • Elbow in flexion/extension, forearm pronation, wrist extended and ulnarly deviated • Fingers extended and abducted, thumb palmer abduction

Question 20

• D2 Flexion

Answer 20

• Scapula posterior elevation, adduction and rotation • Shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation • Elbow flexion/extension, forearm supination, wrist extension with radial deviation • Finger extension and abduction, thumb extension

Question 21

• D2 Extension

Answer 21

• Scapula anterior depression, abduction, rotation • Shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotation • Elbow flexion/extension, forearm pronation, wrist flexion with ulnar deviation • Finger flexion and adduction, thumb opposition

Question 22

• Rhythmic Initiation •

Answer 22

Used to initiate the movement • Voluntary relaxation during passive movement through the pattern followed by isotonic contraction into the direction of the pattern • “Relax let me move you” – passive movement • “Now you do it with me” - voluntary isotonic contraction- active movement

Question 23

• Repeated Contractions

Answer 23

• Used to improve ROM, strength and endurance • At the point of weakness, perform an isometric contraction “hold”, followed by repeated stretches and isotonic contractions “pull or push” or verbal command for activity

Question 24

• Slow Reversal

Answer 24

• Begin with isotonic contraction against resistance of the antagonist followed by isotonic contraction of agonist.

Question 25

• Rhythmic Stabilization

Answer 25

• Alternating isometric contractions • Used to improve muscle balance, endurance and control of movement

Question 26

• Contract-Relax

Answer 26

• Bring to end range, isotonic contraction of antagonist pattern against resistance followed by relaxation • Used to improve ROM

Question 27

• Hold-Relax

Answer 27

• Bring to end range and perform an isometric contraction of the antagonist, followed by relaxation, and then movement into agonistic pattern

Question 28

GOALS OF NDT

Answer 28

• Normalize muscle tone • Inhibition of primitive reflexes • Facilitation of normal postural reactions • Improve quality of movement • Remediation of normal movement patterns

Question 29

NDT Approach

Answer 29

Introduced the concept that therapy could “prevent ” development of abnormal limb synergy patterns by removing mechanical obstacles to movement. • Employs kinesiological concepts for motor interventions.

Question 30

TECHNIQUES USED IN NDT

Answer 30

• Therapeutic handling • Weight-bearing over an affected limb • Positioning to promote use of both sides of the body • Avoidance of sensory input that may adversely affect muscle tone

Question 31

WOULD YOU CATEGORIZE THE NDT APPROACH AS REMEDIAL OR ADAPTIVE?

Answer 31

Remedial, NOT adaptive