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OCP Adults > Test 2: Manual Therapy > Flashcards

Test 2: Manual Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

The emphasis on manual therapy/motor learning is on

A

preliminary need for postural control

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2
Q

Motor development- Process by which a person _____

A

acquires skills and movement patterns

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3
Q

Typical order of motor development

A
  • Cephalocaudal
  • proximal -> distal
  • Gross -> Fine
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4
Q

Three stages of motor learning process

A

Cognitive – Determining what should be done
Fixation – Fine Tuning
Autonomous – Mastery

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5
Q

Bimanual or B/L UE Training protocols can include

A

Repetitive reaching with hand fixed Isolated muscle repetitive training
Whole arm functioning
Can combine with rhythmic auditory cues & repetitive reaching with hand fixed activities

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6
Q

Bimanual or B/L UE Training protocols can be used with

A

Stroke survivors or those with moderate -> severe motor impairments

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7
Q

Physical Agent Modalities (PAMS)

Electrical Stimulation often used with those who have impaired _____

A

motor function

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8
Q

Activation of desired muscle(s) is mandated ___ to e-stim being applied for motor response

A

prior

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9
Q

Manual Therapy is defined as

A

Defined as a clinical approach utilizing skilled, specific hands-on techniques used to diagnose and treat soft tissue and joint restrictions for the purpose of:

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10
Q

Causes of soft tissue restriction

A

Trauma – past or present
Habitual Patterns - Develop abnormal movement or holding patterns
Posture – becomes a habit
Inflammation
Immobilization
Strain from over exercising – eventual soft tissue breakdown
Imbalances– Leg length discrepancies

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11
Q

Effects of Restricted Mobility

A

Disuse atrophy – fibrotic changes in tissue Loss of sarcomeres – shortened range
Decreased ROM
Adhesions of fascial elements
Degeneration of cartilage – wear away prematurely
Loss of ground substance – loss of lubrication
Decreased nutrition and blood supply to the tissues
Weak muscle through ROM
Joint restrictions
Bony structure changes (Wolf’s Law)

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12
Q

Tissue restrictions __ show up on standardized tests

A

do NOT

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13
Q

Retrograde Massage works from ___ to ____

A

distal to proximal

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14
Q

Retrograde assists with improving circulation and movement of _____ back toward the lymph nodes for drainage and towards the heart

A

extra-cellular fluid

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15
Q

Key points of retrograde massage: use _____ pressure

A

firm but gentle pressure

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16
Q

Key points of retrograde massage: ____ the extremity you are working on

A

elevate

17
Q

Key points of retrograde massage: always use _____

A

lotion

18
Q

Key points of retrograde massage: Use ___ and __ strokes

A

Slow and long

19
Q

Key points of retrograde massage: Do the massage ____ times per day

A

Several

20
Q

What is a Trigger Point (TrP)?
Latent Trigger Points
More common than active
Restrict motion and cause stiffness but are not painful until palpated

A

A discrete, focal, hyperirritable spot that is located in a taut band of skeletal muscle

21
Q

Trigger points can produce pain ___ or _____

A

locally or in a referred pattern

22
Q

Are latent or active trigger points more common?

A

latent

23
Q

Which kind of trigger points restrict motion and cause stiffness but are not painful until palpated

A

Latent

24
Q

Which kind of trigger point is always tender, prevents full ROM and weakens the muscle
Patient c/o pain that may also radiate (referred pain)

A

Active

25
Q

Palpation of Trigger points may also produce a _____ which is a - Contraction of the fibers in response to stimulation of the same trigger point or nearby trigger point

A

“Local Twitch Response”

26
Q

How do we get TrP?

A 
Poor Posture 
Leaving muscles in a shortened position 
Attempting to contract muscles in a shortened position 
Muscle overload 
Repetitive 
Sustained 
Nerve Compression
27
Q

Trigger Point Release

Direct downward pressure perpendicularly with maximum pressure over the area that is hyperirritable for ___ seconds

A

90

28
Q

CFM TECHNIQUE With deep pressure over the area in need, the therapist can use ______ to massage perpendicularly or “across the grain” of the direction of the tissue fibers

A

one to two fingers

29
Q

Do you use lotion with cross-friction massage?

A

No

30
Q

For acute injury CFM lasts how long?

A

1-2 minutes

31
Q

For deep structures, CFM lasts how long?

A

5-10 minutes

32
Q

Key point for CFM: Don’t ____, instead, take it with you

A

Slide over the skin

33
Q

Fascia over time can ___ and ____

A

tighten and harden

34
Q

Fascial restrictions can have a tensile strength of up to

A

2000 pounds per square inch

35
Q

What is fascia made of?

A

Elasto-collagenous complex
Collagen – pliable and strong
Elastic fibers – allow stretching and recoil Arranged to withstand multidirectional stresses
Ground substance- 60-70% water Acts as lubricant and to maintain interfiber distance (adhesions)
Glucosaminoglycans (GAG) – (-) charged to repel tissues Hyaluronic acid - lubrication Chondroitin and Sulfate – glue Glucosamine and Chondroitin

36
Q

What is myofascial release?

A

Very hands on approach Whole body Firm, gentle, sustained pressure into restricted tissues
Permanent effects of elongated tissues removing pressure Increases function and mobility and decreasing pain

37
Q

How does myofascial release work?

A

The piezoelectric effect
Applied pressure creates a small electrical charge
Tissue under stress has a lower energy potential
Less strength and power
Myofascial release generates an electrical field
Attracts water molecules

38
Q

What does myofascial release feel like?

A

Potentially a warm or hot sensation
Breaking bonds produces heat – CHEMISTRY!!!
Stretching that feels like “creeping, bubbles popping, fingers sliding across the skin, tingling, numbness, or buzzing.”
Feeling of “therapeutic pain” afterward, different then previous pain
Heightened awareness of body

39
Q

Following myofascial release:

A 
Drink plenty of fluids 
Rehydrates tissues and washes chemical irritants released 
Neuromuscular re-education 
PNF 
Functional movements 
Kinesiotaping 
Ergonomics 
Sleeping positions 
Sit/Stand posture 
Body mechanics HEP to mobilize tissues released 
Foam rolls, use of small balls 
Myofascial stretches

OCP Adults (14 decks)

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