Test #3 Chapter 17 Flashcards
Bodies in balance? p.493
Rates of illness are so low that regular checks for cancer are not recommended until middle age or late, unless family history or warning signs suggest otherwise.
Emerging adults are still affected by the passing years, (called senescence - the process of aging, which starts in early adulthood)
Strong and active bodies? p491-492
Maximum height - 16 for girls/ 18 for boys (may gain a late inch or two by age 21)
Maximum strength - soon follows after maximum height (age 22 for both), boys gain more muscle and have reached full shoulder width, girls gain more fat and have developed breasts and hips.
some emerging adults may have health problems that they will ignore, doctors have told 15% of 18-29 year olds that they have a chronic disease like asthma, arthritis, diabetes or high blood pressure but they dont become severe until middle age or later
Organ reserve? p.495
The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress, via extra functional capability.
This power decreases each year, but people rarely draw on it.
Major stress, genetic weakness, or aging can cause this extra strength to be used up.
Bodies have a muscle reserve as well relating to physical strength, this potential tends to decline after age 25. (There are exceptions, like being lazy when young then working out when older) HEART ALSO HAS THIS QUALITY, DECLINES BY AGE 25
Allostasis? p.495
This is a dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that affects overall physiology over time.
The difference is homeostasis requires an immediate response (shivering, teeth chattering, sweat) whereas allostasis refers to long-term adjustment.
An example of allostasis is someone who undereats for a long period of time suddenly has a large meal, because of the allostatic adjustment to eating small meals this very large meal might cause the person to throw up.
Or when someone is used to overeating and not exercising, this person will have increased pressure on the allostatic system and if a new stress is introduced (like exercise) a major breakdown may occur (like a heart attack).
Sexually transmitted infections? p.501
Half of all new cases worldwide are in people younger than 26.
The best way to prevent this is lifelong monogamy, because it happens more in people with multiple partners.
Another good way to prevent is after getting out of a relationship, be celibate for 6 months and then get tested, possibly treated and cured before having a new partner.
Most people practice serial monogamy, that is having one relationship after another, or having a longterm monogamy interrupted by a fling.
Emerging adults are prime vectors.
Mood disorders? p. 504-505
before age 30, 8 percent of US residents suffer a mood disorder: mania, bipolar, or severe depression for example.
The social costs of mood disorders are more than that of people with physical illness (cancer and heart disease) because mood disorders begin early and can prevent function for decades.
These disorders can appear, disappear and reappear.
1/4 in adolescence, 1/4 in young adulthood.
men are susceptible to depression by loss of romantic relationship, but women are more depressed in general.
Anxiety disorders? p.505
1/4 of all US residents below the age of 25 have a type of this (panic attacks, PTSD, OCD).
More prevalent than depression.
Age and genetic vulnerability shape symptoms of anxiety disorders. (people with PTSD have had a traumatic experience)
These are also affected by culture and context (social phobia in US, fear of talking to people) A severe social phobia in Asia exists (hikikomori)
Schizophrenia? p.506
about 1% of all adults experience this.
Becoming overwhelmed by disorganized and bizarre thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, and emotions are the symptoms.
There is no doubt that it’s partially genetic, although most people do not have any immediate family member that have been diagnosed with it.
Other risk factors: malnutrition when brain is developing (women who are malnourished in the early months of pregnancy are twice as likely to have baby with it), Extensive social pressure (higher among immigrants, and triples when immigrants have no support), drug abuse.
most common diagnosis is between ages 18 to 24, men are particularly vulnerable. men who have had no symptoms by age 35 generally will not get it. women usually get it as young adults.
Drug abuse/addiction? p.509-510
Drug abuse - the ingestion of a drug to the extent that impairs the users biological or psychological well-being (even occasional smoking can be abuse).
Many abusers think that they are just users and denial is common.
Drug abuse can lead to Drug Addiction - A condition of drug dependence in which absence of the drug in the persons system induces a drive to ingest more of the drug.
The risk taking factor of illegal drugs makes them more appealing to people, and college students have a higher rate of alcohol and marijuana consumption than people not in college.
woman who arent in college and live with their parents are the least likely to abuse drugs.
Intervention is least likely during emerging adulthood, parents keep their distance and marriage is unlikely, so abuse continue for years.
Social norms approach?p.511-512
A method of reducing risk behavior that uses emerging adults desire to follow social norms by making them aware, through the use of surveys, of the prevalence of various behaviors within their peer group.
Social norms have been proven to be very effective, and showing people surveys that show for example: most college students avoid binge drinking, study hard, and are responsible sexually can be very persuasive.
Base rate neglect is when people think that the most extreme people of a group are not considered unusual, and that everyone does these things. (this can make them think that bad things that ARENT prevalent, ARE prevalent)
