Test #3 Chapter 15 Flashcards
Personal fable? p.430
this is the belief that one if unique, destined to have a heroic, fabled, or even legendary life. like planning to star in the NBA or cure cancer.
some kids believe that they are destined to die an early, tragic death maybe by smoking, eating junk food or other habits that can lead to midlife cancer or heart disease are no problem because they are destined to die.
Adolescent egocentrism? p.430
a characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people (10 to 13) to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others.
adolescents interpret everyone elses behavior as if it were a judgement on them.
self consciousness about physical appearance is more prevalent. they want to blend in instead of sticking out.
an example, a boy wants to show off his pimple at school because he think all the girls are looking at him, or them wanting braces early to fit in.
Invincibility fable? p.430
personal fable may coexist with the invincibility fable, which is the idea that death will not occur to them unless destiny allows it. so fast driving, unprotected sex and addicting drugs will do no harm.
some more examples are joining the army under the age of 20, or revealing information about themselves to electronic friends in online chat rooms.
Hypothetical thought? p.432
reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality. if–then propositions that don’t reflect reality.
so if whales are mammals, and mammals can walk, are whales mammals? (normal children would say yes, but adolescents might say no)
Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning? p.433
reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle through logical steps, to figure out specifics. uses abstract ideas (top-down reasoning) - starts with a premise “if all mammals can walk” is a premise. usually by age 14 comes with the ability of adolescents to think hypothetically.
inductive reasoning (bottom-up reasoning) - reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion. predominates during the school years. since they know whales cannot walk, this trumps logic. so the animal waddles and quacks, therefore it must be a duck. if it were deductive reasoning, they would say if its a duck, it must waddle and quack.
Intuitive thought and analytic thought? p.436
intuitive thought arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation, is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions. begins with a belief, assumption, or general rule rather than logic. this is quick and powerful and “feels right”.
analytic thought results from an analysis, such as a systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts. analytic thought depends on logic and rationality. described by piaget… involves analysis of many factors to reach a calculated conclusion.
Technology and cognition - A new addiction? p.441
in many schools teachers are using laptops, smartphone and so one for teaching. some districts require students to take one class completely online. there are also virtual schools where students can earn all of their credit online.
social networking through technology may speed up adolescent though through emailing, texting, and just using the cell phone.
technology encourages rapid shifts of attention, multitasking without reflection, and visual learning instead of invisible analysis. (these are bad)
Some technology can become addictive to some children. a study of 2000 children found that they play video games on average 2 hours a day in the US. also 1/3 of students us technology for more than 3 hours per day (higher among boys and non-whites) and is still increasing.
12 percent of boys and 3 percent of girls were found to be addicted to video games. however this addiction is not found in the DSM 5.
OVERUSE OF TECHNOLOGY IS A PROBLEM
Cyberbullying? p.442
bullying that occurs when one person spreads insults or rumors about another by means of emails, text messages, or cell phone videos.
This is the worst in adolescence, which may cause them to be depressed and may commit suicide. in supportive schools that give students high self esteem make them less likely to engage in cyberbullying but will also make them more likely to disapprove of it. but in a negative school climate, those with high self-esteem are likely to be bullies.
parents and teachers are sometimes unaware of cyberbullying because they ignore technology.
High stakes testing? p.449
an evaluation that is critical in determining success or failure. if a single test determines whether a student will graduate or be promoted, it is a high-stakes test.
74 percent of us high school students must take exit exams before they graduate.
