Test #2 Chapter 9

Question 0

objects to logic?

Answer 0

these are limitations that make logic difficult until age 6.

• centration - focusing on only one aspect of a situation, (dad cant be a brother)
• focus on appearance - only appearance defines something (if a girl gets a hair cut short, then she is a boy)
• static reasoning- thinking that nothing changes (dad was never a kid)
• irreversibility - nothing can be undone.
• conservation - the amount of something stays the same (a tall and a fat glass with same amount of liquid. CHILDREN DONT HAVE IT

Question 1

preoperational intelligence? (PIAGET)

Answer 1

this is his second period.

language and imagination become prominent

• no logical or operational thinking
• children think in symbols (symbolic thought) words can refer to things not seen, flags can mean something

Question 2

vygotsky and social learning?

Answer 2

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)- cognitive and physical skills that someone can learn with assistance, not independently.

scaffolding- this affects ZPD, temporary support, tailored to a learners needs and abilities aimed to helping learner master a new task, not doing it for them, helping them think.

Question 3

Theory-thoery?

Answer 3

the theory that children conduct theories trying to explain what they see and hear. children think in theories. the best explanation is that humans seek reasons, causes, and priciples to make sense of experience.
- requires curiosity and thought, connecting knowledge and observations.

Question 4

Theory of mind?

Answer 4

a theory of what other people might be thinking. (age 4)

• a part of folk physiology
• children knowing that people can be fooled. (escaping punishment by lying)
• develops in prefrontal cortex
• max a puppet puts a dog in red box, when he leaves someone puts him in a blue box. max comes back and 3 year olds say he will look in the blue box meaning he isnt fooled, but 6 year olds say he will look in the red box knowing he will be fooled.

Question 5

the vocabulary explosion?

Answer 5

age 2 - 500 words
age 6 - between 5000 and 30000 words,

• more than 6 words a day on average
• builds quickly, greater comprehension

FAST MAPPING - a quick but not very precise way children place words in categories on percieved meaning. (begins at age 2)

Question 6

child-centered programs?

Answer 6

programs that stress childrens development and growth.

MONTESSORI SCHOOLS - over 100 years old, gives children structured individualized projects that give a sense of accomplishment. children seek out learning tasks.

REGGIO EMILIA - stressed creativity, teaches children advanced tasks not usually learned until age 7, like writing and using tools.

Question 7

Head start?

Answer 7

federally funded childhood intervention program for low-income children of preschool age.
- improved math and literacy skills, oral health and parental responsiveness. many academic benefits faded by first grade. Most children however caught up with head start children, even if they stayed ahead in vocabulary. best for children in rural areas and disabilities, least likely to find other sources of early education.