Test #3 Chapter 13 Flashcards
Cognitive coping? p.372
How children perceive certain situations (like a low-ses or income) can dictate how resilient (adapt well to adversity) they are.
Cognitive coping is a way to reduce the impact of repetitive stress.
Freud on Latency? p.368
This is a time when emotional drives are quiet and unconscious sexual conflicts are submerged.
sexual impulses are absent, or at least hidden.
Children want to typically be with other children of the same sex.
Family Structure? p. 374
The legal and genetic relationship of relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on. Families can be single-parent families, step-families, three-generational families, and so on.
Wealth and poverty? p.382-383
Family income correlates to both function and structure. Poverty can have accumulative effects if it lasts too long.
Low SES correlates to may be especially damaging to children if it begins during infancy and continues into middle childhood.
If there is an increase in stress caused by low SES, divorce, single parenthood, etc.. and ONLY if there is an increase in stress by these things then there will be damage to a family. THIS MAKES THE REACTION TO POVERTY CRUCIAL, NOT THE POVERTY ITSELF
adults who are raised with less education and impaired emotional control are more likely to have difficulty finding employment and raising their children, then low income add to their difficultie, which makes things worse.
THIS MEANS THAT THEIR IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME AND FAMILY FUNCTIONING
Popular and unpopular children/ aggressive-rejected and withdrawn-rejected? p.385-386 (MULTIPLE QUESTIONS)
aggressive rejected - rejection by peers because of antagonistic or confrontational behavior. (no one wants to be around mean kid, MAY TURN INTO BULLY)
withdrawn-rejected - rejected by peers because of timid, withdrawn, and anxious behavior. (may become the VICTIM of bullying)
There are also the unpopular children that are just ignored, not shunned purposely, considered to be neglected, not rejected.
The popular kids at the beginning of middle childhood are the (kind, trustworthy, and cooperative kids) then by then end of middle childhood the athletic, cool, dominant, arrogant and aggressive kids are popular.
Bullies and victims? p. 386
Bullying - repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.
Four types: PHYSICAL (hitting, pinching, shoving or kicking), VERBAL (teasing, taunting or name-calling), RELATIONAL (destroying peer acceptance), CYBERBULLYING (using electronic means to harm another)
Childrens moral values? p. 389
Children begin to make judgements to see if something is right or wrong.
These can be formulated by what children see the parents do.
Three forces driving childrens interest in moral issues: child culture, personal experience and empathy.
An increase in social perception can be a bad thing: for example bullies can become adept at picking their victims.
This may also give people observing bullied people to defend them, but in an environment that allows bullying, the bystanders may be more interested in protecting themselves by letting it happen rather than getting in the middle of it.
Children slow to gain theory of mind and slow to gain empathy.
Kohlbergs levels of moral thought? p. 390 (questions form the three bullets in book)
preconvential moral reasoning - similar to preoperational thought, egocentric, children are most interested in avoiding punishment and their own personal pleasure.
conventional moral reasoning - parallels concrete operational thought in that it related to current, observable practices; children watch what their parents, teachers, and friends do, and try to follow suit.
postconventional moral reasoning - this is similar to formal operational thought in that it uses abstractions, going beyond what is concretely observed, and willing to question “what is” in order to decide “what should be”
Criticisms of Kohlberg? p.391
pros: he was right in saying that children do use their intellectual abilities to justify their actions.
cons: the different cultures and genders were ignored, loyalties to families weren’t included. and the fact that childrens morality may be different than adults, but not less moral.
