Test #3 Chapter 16 Flashcards
Political identity/vocational identity? p. 460
political identity - party identification is weakening among adults, and children are influenced politically by their parents. this makes teenagers reflect this independence by saying that they do not care about politics.
vocational identity- this takes years to establish unlike in the past (where it meant choosing particular occupation like farming, factory, or businessman) no teenager is forced to choose from a thousand possible careers, even adults still change their career path. if teenagers work more than 20 hours per week they have been found to quit school more, argue with parents more, smoke cigarettes and hate their job, both when teens and adults.
Role confusion/foreclosure/moratorium? p.458
role confusion- a situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is. (or identity diffusion) (instead of putting away clothes, making friends, completing school assignments, or thinking about college careers are beyond role-confused adolescents—- instead they will sleep too much, play video games, or go from one flirtation to another)
role foreclosure - this is eriksons term for premature identity formation. which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents or societys roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis. they could also foreclose on a negative identity.
role moratorium - an adolescents choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions. going to college is a common example. this includes some exploration, and can include trying many things or following one path after a tentative and temporary commitment. (like playing in a band in high school not thinking its going to last forever, then joining the army after high school)
THESE ARE ALL ERIKSON
Closeness with the family? p.463
This has four aspects:
- communication (talk openly)
- support (rely on one another)
- connectedness (emotionally close)
- control (encourage or limit adolescent autonomy)
Deviancy training? p.469
destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms.
Familism? p.474
The belief that family members should support one another. sacrificing individual freedom and success in necessary. this is in order to preserve family unity and protect the family from outside sources.
parasuicide/ cluster suicide? p.475
parasuicide - any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death. (also attempted or failed suicide)
cluster suicides - several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period of time. (since adolescents do not think logically or analytically, they are affected when they hear about a suicide, either though peers or media. this can be a cause.
adolescence-limited ofender? p.477
a person whose criminal activity stops by age 21. they break the law with their friends, which is facilitated by their chosen antisocial peers. more boys than girls, but some gangs allow both sexes. (sex gap is narrower in late adolescence than earlier)
life-course-persistent offender? p.477
a person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life, a career criminal. this is more likely to be alone rather than with other people or in a gang. caused by neurological impairment (inborn or by early experiences), symptoms can include problems with language and learning in childhood.
harm from drugs? p.480-481
drug use before maturity is particularly harmful, but they are more likely to deny that they could ever become addicted to drugs. they cant notice when they or their friends are going past use to abuse and then to addiction.
tobacco: impairs digestion and nutrition, slowing down growth. because organs develop after height spurt drug using teen who seem to be fully grown might damage developing hearts, lungs, brains, and reproductive systems
alcohol: impairs memory and self-control. pleasure center is more effected by alcohol in adolescents.
Marijuana: memory, language proficiency and also motivation. leads to lack of ambition.
generational forgetting? p.483
the idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned. As used here, the term refers to knowledge about the harm drugs can do. (caused by mistrust of the older generation, also loyalty to peers) for example, if a friend passes out from drug use they might try to protect the friend from adult awareness rather than getting them medical help. So if adults forbid something because they have learned its bad, the kids still have to learn this on their own and use them forbidding it as a reason to try it.
