Test #2 Chapter 10

Question 0

initiative versus guilt

Answer 0

children feel guilty when not succeeding at new skills and activities. (ERIKSON)

Question 1

emotional regulation?

Answer 1

controlling when and how emotions are expressed.
- connection of the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex.

effortful control - using effort to control emotion, not naturally

Question 2

motivation 2 types

Answer 2

intrinsic - doing something for the personal joy of doing something. (playing music for oneself)

• present in most children
• crucial for young children

extrinsic - doing something for praise or anything outside of the person themself. (musician playing for applause or money)
-not as prevalent in children

Question 3

seeking emotional balance

Answer 3

psychopathology - illness of the mind
- can be influenced by culture but all identified as mental imbalance

externalizing problems- uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts

-internalizing problems - turning emotional distress inward by feeling excessively guilty, ashamed, or worthless

Question 4

different types of active play?

Answer 4

rough and tumble play- mimics aggression, wrestling or chasing or hitting. no intent to harm. (can result in reactive aggression)

sociodramatic play - pretend play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories they create (playing doctor)

Question 5

Baumrinds three parenting styles?

Answer 5

authoritarian - word is law, no questions. very strict often physical. clear rules and high standards. no discussions on emotions and wont hear childs side.

permissive - few demands, hiding any impatience, hardly any discipline, low expectations. listen to whatever child says, even if vulger. nuturing and accepting.

authoritative - set limits, but are flexible. encourage maturity, usually listen and forgive if child falls short. consider themselves guides not authorities or friends.

Question 6

antisocial and prosocial behavior?

Answer 6

prosocial - extending helpfulness and kindness with no benefit to oneself.
- concern, offers to share

antisocial behavior - deliberately hurtful or destructive actions to another person.

Question 7

what are the various types of aggression?

Answer 7

instumental - hurtful behavior that is aimed at gaining something (toy, place in line) someone else has (increases form age 2 to 6 objects more than people, normal)

reactive aggression - impulsive retaliation for a hurt that can be verbal or physical (lack of emotional regulation, more in age 2, by age 5 children can stop and think)

relational aggression - nonphysical attacks, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming social connections between victim and others. (personal attack and thus antisocial, can be very hurtful, more common as children become more socially aware)

bullying aggression - unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attack especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves (both bullies and victims have poor signs of emotional regulation adults should intervene)