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BIO 241 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Slow axonal transport:

A

Moves from the cell body towards the synapse

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2
Q

This substance provides energy for maximum muscle contraction for apprx 15 sec.

A

Creatine phosphate

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3
Q

A waste product of glycolysis in muscle cells is:

A

Lactic acid

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4
Q

This type of skeletal muscle fiber contains many capillaries, large amounts of myoglobin, resists fatigue by contracting slower than other fibers, and is the smallest in diameter.

A

Slow oxidative

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5
Q

A cardiac muscle cell:

A

More than one muscle of the above are correct.

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6
Q

The primary area of protein synthesis in neurons is the:

A

Nissl bodies

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7
Q

Which type of Neuroglia is not associated with the Central Nervous System?

A

Satellite cells

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8
Q

An Axon

A

Transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body and is sometimes surrounded by myelin sheaths.

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8
Q

A…. neuron has an axon and dendrite that leave the cell body in one area?

A

Unipolar

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9
Q

During the Action Potentials, what occurs immediately after the Threshold stimulus is reached?

A

Voltage gated sodium channels open

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10
Q

Motor Unit Recruitment

A

Is when more motor units are activated to allow for a greater strength of contraction.

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11
Q

An IPSP is inhibitory bc it:

A

Causes hyperpolarization in the post-synaptic neuron.

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12
Q

This structure maintains Resting Membrane Potential by taking care of ion leakage across the axolemma.

A

Sodium/Potassium ATPase pump.

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12
Q

Ependymal cells:

A

Produce cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.

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12
Q

At the synapse that is located between a pre-synaptic and a post-synaptic neuron, which if he following would occur last?

A

An action potential is produced in the post- synaptic membrane.

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13
Q

If five action potential travel along a single axon and arrive at the same synapse in a very short period of time.
This best describes the process known as:

A

Temporal summation

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14
Q

The absolute refractory period is the time:

A

When voltage gated sodium channels have been activated but have not reached the resting state.

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14
Q

Secretions of the gastrointestinal tract and contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract are locally controlled by the:

A

Enteric nervous system

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15
Q

Which skeletal muscle fiber type contains many capillaries, high amounts of myoglobin, and generates energy both anaerobically and aerobically?

A

Fast oxidative state

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16
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

Is produced by different ion concentrations on each side of the axon membrane

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17
Q

The factor that most effects the rate of nerve impulse transmission in an axon is:

A

The presence or absence of a myelin sheath.

17
Q

The gaps or spaces seen in myelin sheaths are known as:

A

Nodes of Ranvier

18
Q

The Sternocleidomastoid muscle extends from the mastoid process of the Temporal bone to the Sternum and medial Clavicle. When both Sternocleidomastoid muscles contract together the head flexes. By definition the end of the muscle that attaches to the Sternum would be the:

A

Orgin

19
Q

Lock of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in:

A

Continuous stimulation of the neurotransmitter receptor.

19
Q

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following is the primary activity in the axon?

A

Sodium ions are flowing into the axon.

20
Q

The nodes of Ranvier:

A

Are gaps between myelin sheaths.

21
Q

Muscle tone:

A

Is the constant tension in muscles.

22
Q

Smooth muscles:

A

A: A, B, and C are correct.

23
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is normally located in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.

A

False

23
Q

The Autonomic Nervous System is composed of two portions; the Somatic and Parasympathetic Nervous System.

A

False

24
Q

A neurilemma is produced by Schwann cells.

A

True

24
Q

Axon collaterals are a part of an Astrocyte.

A

False

24
Q

The Axon Hillock is the point where the axon attaches to the nerve cell body

A

True

25
Q

A synergist will prevent an agonist muscle from moving.

A

False

26
Q

Aerobic respiration can only use glucose to produce ATP.

A

False

27
Q

All neurons have myelin sheath.

A

False

28
Q

Normally, the relative number if Fast Glycolytin muscle fibers inc with age.

A

False

28
Q

Endomysium is the outer most of fascial layers.

A

False

29
Q

Muscle contraction is triggered by the release of acetylcholine from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

False

30
Q

Ependymal cells are macrophages

A

False

30
Q

At rest, the neurolemma is slightly more positively charged on the outer rest.

A

True

30
Q

Hyperpolarization of the axon membrane occurs immediately after voltage gated sodium channels reach a threshold stimulus.

A

False

31
Q

The satellite cells, in muscle, can differentiate to become Skeletal muscle fibers

A

True

31
Q

An Agonist can produce Effort

A

True

32
Q

What is the function of myoglobin

A

it’s an iron that contains to protein that binds the oxygen. Which by that allows aerobic reparation and turns ATP for energy.

33
Q

Recovery oxygen consumption is the elevated use of oxygen after exercise to replace the lost energy stores and to facilitate tissue repair after exertion.

A

True

33
Q

Describe one of the ways smooth muscle can be repaired.

A

would be through (pericytes) - stem cells which allows the cells to regenerate.

34
Q

Accurately describe a type A neuronal fiber.

A

A neural fiber is myelinated and will also have the largest diameter axon and will have the fastest nerve impulse transmission. Also, the “A” neuronal fiber will have a short absolute refractory period.

35
Q

Nerve impulse transmission that appears to jump from Node of Ranvier to the next is known as

A

saltatory conduction

35
Q

A group of genetic disorders that cause degeneration of skeletal muscle is known as

A

muscular dystrophy

BIO 241 (22 decks)

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