Ch 14 Flashcards
Blood Brain Barrier
- barrier protects brain cells from pathogens and harmful subs.
Tight Junctions
Seal the endothelial cells that line the capillaries in the Brain, these cells also have a thick basement membrane.
CSF
- a clear colorless fluid that circulates in subarachnoid space and spaces around the brain and spinal cord.
- produced by ependymal cells of the choroid plexus which is located in ventricles of the brain.
- serves as shock absorber for brain and spinal cord.
- provides proper chem environment for nerve impulse transmission.
Astrocytes reinforce (meningeal cells)
this boundary and help supply certain nutrients
Brain Stem:
(Pons)
- superior to medulla oblongata; anterior to cerebellum)
- contains respiratory centers
- cranial nerves 3 and 4 come off of this region.
Brain Stem:
(Medulla Oblongata)
- lies superior to the spinal cord; inferior portion of brain stem.
- contains sensory and motor tracts and areas or crossing over of these tracts (Decussation of Pyramids)
- contains cardiovascular center which regulates rate and force of heartbeat.
- contains respiratory centers
- 8-12 come off this region.
Cerebellum
located in the posterior, inferiorly aspect of the cranial cavity.
- transverse fissure separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.
- has 2 hemispheres that have 3 lobes each
- Vermis - central region that connects the hemispheres
- coordinates complex motor activity that was initiated in the cerebrum, balance and posture
Brain Stem:
(Midbrain)
- relays info between the pons and diencephalon
- contains reflex centers for the eye, ear, head and neck movements
- cranial nerves 3 and 4 come off of this region.
Cerebellar Cortex
outer portion, gray matter
Cerebellar Medulla
inner portion, gray matter
Thalamus
makes up most of the Diencephalon
- contains relay centers for impulse-directed toward the cerebral cortex and other regions of the brain (except for smell)
- filter info
Hypothalamus (control center)
lies inferior to the thalamus
- pituitary gland (hangs) from inferior surface and is attached by the infundibulum
- produces hormones for posterioir pituitary gland and regulates the entire pituitary gland
- controls automatic nervous system functions: temp, regulation, hunger, thirst, gland activity.
Cerebrum
largest region of the brain
- has two hemispheres with 4 lobes (temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal lobes)
Cerebral Cortex
outer rim gray matter
Gyri
Folds on the surface of the cerebrum
Sulci
shallow grooves between Gyri
Fissure
deep grooves that separate portions of the brain
ex: transverse fissure
separates cerebrum from the cerebellum
ex: medial longitudinal fissure
separates cerebral hemispheres
Primary Somatosensory Area (Cortex)
associated with the post - central Gyrus
receives sensory info from the body
Primary Visual Area (Cortex)
associated with the posterior portion of the occipital lobe
receives impulses associated with vision
Primary Motor Area (Cortex)
associated with the pre-central Gyrus (affects skeletal muscle)
controls specific motor activity for skeletal muscles
Cranial Nerve 1 = Olfactory nerve
sensory nerves that delivers olfactory sensations (smell) to the brain
- olfactory tracts carry the nerve impulses to the brain
Cranial Nerve 7 = Facial nerve
associated with sensory info for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. (tasting sugar)
provides motor innervation to the trout, neck, and visceral activity.
