Ch 10

Question 1

Fascia

Answer 1

a sheath of fibrous connective tissue that is deep to the skin and surrounds muscles or other organs of the body

Question 2

Superficial Fascia = Hypodermis

Answer 2

contains adipose and areolar connective tissue, vessels, and nerves
stores triglycerides
provides insulation
protects underlying muscles and separates these muscles from the skin.

Question 3

Deep Fascia

Answer 3

dense irregular connective tissue
contains vessels and nerves
provides a reduced friction surface for muscle movement

Question 4

Endomysium

Answer 4

surrounds individual muscle fiber

Question 5

Perimysium

Answer 5

surrounds bundles of muscle fiber = fascicle

Question 6

Epimysium

Answer 6

outermost layer of fascial layer
surrounds individual muscles like the trapezius

Question 7

Muscle Fiber

Answer 7

“Muscle cell”
can form many structures, has many nuclei; is surrounded by endomysium

Question 8

Sarcolemma

Answer 8

the plasma membrane that surrounds a muscle fiber

Question 9

Sarcoplasm

Answer 9

the cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Question 10

Myofibrils

Answer 10

thread-like filaments contained within the muscle fiber
contractile element of muscles
contains myofilaments

Question 11

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

stores calcium
pumps C++ from around the myofibrils back into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 12

Transverse T Tubules

Answer 12

connect sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Then myofibrils divide into Sarcomere

Question 13

Sarcomere

Answer 13

functional unit of myofibril
made up of various of myofilaments (protein)

Question 14

Slow Oxidative fibers

Answer 14

Filled with Oxygen
a red fiber
has many mitochondria
supply ATP so they resist fatigue
slow (long endurance)
lots of mitochondria vesicles; use glycolysis.

Question 15

Fast Oxidative- Glycolytic

Answer 15

a red fiber
high myoglobin generates ATP by aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Uses ATP faster than Slow Oxidative fibers

Question 16

Fast Glycolytic Fibers

Answer 16

a white fiber
low myoglobin content
few capillaries
few mitochondria
generates most ATP via glycolysis

Question 16

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 16

most damaged muscle is replaced through fibrosis (scar tissue)
undamaged cells will enlarge to attempt to make up for lost function.

Question 17

Satellite Cells

Answer 17

to rebuild tissue and become new muscle tissue.

Question 18

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 18

not enough cells to replace cells
heals through fibrosis
existing cells can enlarge to provide additional contraction strength

Question 18

Smooth muscle

Answer 18

has the best chance of recovery
cells enlarge to provide contraction strength
under cell mitosis

Question 19

Pericytes

Answer 19

Stem cells located in capillaries and small veins
limited regeneration capability