Ch 10 Flashcards
Fascia
a sheath of fibrous connective tissue that is deep to the skin and surrounds muscles or other organs of the body
Superficial Fascia = Hypodermis
contains adipose and areolar connective tissue, vessels, and nerves
stores triglycerides
provides insulation
protects underlying muscles and separates these muscles from the skin.
Deep Fascia
dense irregular connective tissue
contains vessels and nerves
provides a reduced friction surface for muscle movement
Endomysium
surrounds individual muscle fiber
Perimysium
surrounds bundles of muscle fiber = fascicle
Epimysium
outermost layer of fascial layer
surrounds individual muscles like the trapezius
Muscle Fiber
“Muscle cell”
can form many structures, has many nuclei; is surrounded by endomysium
Sarcolemma
the plasma membrane that surrounds a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm of muscle fiber
Myofibrils
thread-like filaments contained within the muscle fiber
contractile element of muscles
contains myofilaments
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
stores calcium
pumps C++ from around the myofibrils back into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Transverse T Tubules
connect sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Then myofibrils divide into Sarcomere
Sarcomere
functional unit of myofibril
made up of various of myofilaments (protein)
Slow Oxidative fibers
Filled with Oxygen
a red fiber
has many mitochondria
supply ATP so they resist fatigue
slow (long endurance)
lots of mitochondria vesicles; use glycolysis.
Fast Oxidative- Glycolytic
a red fiber
high myoglobin generates ATP by aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Uses ATP faster than Slow Oxidative fibers
Fast Glycolytic Fibers
a white fiber
low myoglobin content
few capillaries
few mitochondria
generates most ATP via glycolysis
Skeletal Muscle
most damaged muscle is replaced through fibrosis (scar tissue)
undamaged cells will enlarge to attempt to make up for lost function.
Satellite Cells
to rebuild tissue and become new muscle tissue.
Cardiac Muscle
not enough cells to replace cells
heals through fibrosis
existing cells can enlarge to provide additional contraction strength
Smooth muscle
has the best chance of recovery
cells enlarge to provide contraction strength
under cell mitosis
Pericytes
Stem cells located in capillaries and small veins
limited regeneration capability
