Ch 16

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

the conscious or subconscious awareness of a stimulus

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

the conscious awareness and the interpretation of the meaning of sensations.

Question 3

Modalities

Answer 3

a unique type of sensation, the neuron is associated with one modality.
ex: pain/touch

Question 4

somatic senses

Answer 4

associated with the body
ex: pain receptors

Question 5

Special Senses

Answer 5

receptors are located in complex sensory organs that are located in specific regions of the body
ex: sight/hearing

Question 5

Visceral Senses

Answer 5

provides info about the conditions with internal organs
ex: chemoreceptors

Question 6

Free nerve endings

Answer 6

bare dendrites that have no apparent structure
ex: Thermoreceptors

Question 7

Encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 7

dendrite is enclosed in a connective capsule
ex: pressure receptors

Question 8

Separate Cells

Answer 8

associated with special senses
designed to receive specific stimulas

Question 9

Exteroceptors

Answer 9

located near the external surface of the body; are sensitive to external stimuli

Question 10

Interreceptor

Answer 10

located internally, monitor the homeostasis of our internal environment

Question 11

Proprioceptor

Answer 11

located in muscles, joints and internal ear.
monitors body position

Question 12

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

detect mechanical pressure these respond deformation.

Question 13

Nocicreceptors

Answer 13

respond to damage to tissues ex: pain receptors

Question 14

Adaptation

Answer 14

decrease in sensation when a receptor is constantly stimulated

Question 15

The Somatic Sensory Pathway

Answer 15

these relay information from the somatic sensory receptors to the brain.

Question 16

First Order Neurons

Answer 16

conduct the nervous impulse from the somatic sensory receptors to the brain

Question 17

Second Order Neurons

Answer 17

conduct nerve impulses from First Neurons to the Thalamus on the opposite side of the body.
these axons will cross over the Spinal Cord and brain stem. 1st and 2nd synapse in the brain stem.

Question 18

Third Order Neurons

Answer 18

conduct nervous impulses from the thalamus to the Primary Somatosensory Area (Post Central Gyrus)
2nd and 3rd neurons synapse in the thalamus.

Question 18

Somatic Motor Pathways

Answer 18

transport nerve pathways associated with movements from the brain.

Question 18

Transection

Answer 18

severing of all or part of the spinal cord

Question 18

Direct Motor Pathways

Answer 18

also known as Pyramidal Pathways

Question 18

Paralysis

Answer 18

loss or impairment of motor function

Question 18

Upper Motor Pathways

Answer 18

originate in the Precentral Gyrus
axons descend to medulla oblongata most cross over to the other side of the body
remaining axons will cross over in spinal cord

Question 18

Lower Motor Neurons

Answer 18

cell bodies are located in the Brain Stem or Spinal Cord
transmit nerve impulse to skeletal muscle

Question 18

The Motor Cortex

Answer 18

located in Precentral Gyrus
specific areas of this cortex are associated with movement of muscles

Question 18

Monoplegia

Answer 18

paralysis of one limb

Question 18

Hemiplegia

Answer 18

paralysis of one side of the body

Question 18

Paraplegia

Answer 18

paralysis of the lower limb

Question 19

Quadriplegia

Answer 19

paralysis of all limbs

Question 19

Epilepsy

Answer 19

a disorder characterized by short, periodic attacks of motor, sensory, and psychological malfunction.